ASTM D4190-15
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15 separate elements. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements, such as boron and vanadium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drinking water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP).
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4190 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
1
Emission Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drink-
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ing water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spec-
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
troscopy (DCP).
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
other waters.
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
E1097 Guide for Determination of Various Elements by
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed
in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1. Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the
3. Terminology
sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte
concentration above the detection limit. method, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3.2.1 total recoverable element, n—a descriptive term relat-
ing to the elemental forms recovered in the acid-digestion
standard.
procedure specified in this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Elements are determined, either sequentially or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. simultaneously, by DCP.
4.2 Matrix enhancement or suppression of the emission
2. Referenced Documents
signal can be minimized by the addition of 2000 mg/L of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lithium ion to all standards, samples, and blanks.
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
4.3 Dissolved elements are determined by atomizing a
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
filtered and acidified sample directly with no pretreatment.
4.4 If the sample is clear, total recoverable elements are
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
determined in the same manner as dissolved elements except
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
that sample is unfiltered and acidified.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally
4.5 If there are large particles (non-colloidal) the total
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4190 – 08. DOI:
10.1520/D4190-15.
recoverableelementsaredeterminedonaportionofthesample
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
after a hydrochloric-nitric acid digestion (12.2 – 12.5). The
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
same digestion procedure is used to determine all total recov-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
erable elements in this test method.
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4190 − 15
5
TABLE 1 Solutions for Analysis
on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
Element Concentration Range where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
Aluminum 50 to 200 µg/L used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Beryllium 50 to 1000 µg/L
sufficient purity to permit its use without lessening the accu-
Boron 50 to 1000 µg/L
racy of the determination.
Cadmium 50 to 1000 µg/L
Chromium 50 to 1000 µg/L
8.2 Pu
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4190 − 08 D4190 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
1
Emission Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drinking
water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
(DCP).
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by a factor
of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
E1097 Guide for Determination of Various Elements by Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 LCS, n—laboratory control standard.
3.2.1 total recoverable element, n—a descriptive term relating to forms of each element that are determinable by the digestion
method that is included the elemental forms recovered in the acid-digestion procedure specified in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Elements are determined, either sequentially or simultaneously, by DCP.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008Feb. 1, 2015. Published October 2008March 2015. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20032008 as
D4190 – 03.D4190 – 08. DOI: 10.1520/D4190-08.10.1520/D4190-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4190 − 15
TABLE 1 Solutions for Analysis
Element Concentration Range
Aluminum 50 to 200 μg/L
Beryllium 50 to 1000 μg/L
Boron 50 to 1000 μg/L
Cadmium 50 to 1000 μg/L
Chromium 50 to 1000 μg/L
Cobalt 50 to 1000 μg/L
Copper 50 to 1000 μg/L
Iron 50 to 1000 μg/L
Lead 200 to 1000 μg/L
Manganese 50 to 1000 μg/L
Mercury 50 to 1000 μg/L
Nickel 50 to 1000 μg/L
Strontium 50 to 1000 μg/L
Vanadium 50 to 1000 μg/L
Zinc 50 to 1000 μg/L
4.2 Matrix enhancement or suppression of the emission signal can be minimized by the addition of 2000 mg/L of lithium ion
to all standards, samples, and blanks.
4.3 Dissolved elements are determined by atomizing a filtered and acidified sample directly with no pretreatment.
4.4 If the sample is clear, total recoverable elements are determined in the same manner as dissolved elements except that
sample is unfiltered and acidified.
4.5 I
...
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