ASTM D2669-06
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Petroleum Waxes Compounded with Additives (Hot Melts)
Standard Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Petroleum Waxes Compounded with Additives (Hot Melts)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test distinguishes between hot melts having different apparent viscosities. It is believed that apparent viscosity determined by this procedure is related to flow performance in application machinery operating under conditions of low shear rate. Apparent viscosity as determined by this method may not correlate well with end use applications where high shear rates are encountered.
Materials of the type described in this procedure may be quite non-Newtonian and as such the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test generally operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Maximum correlation between laboratories, therefore, depends upon testing under conditions of equivalent shear.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the apparent viscosity of petroleum waxes compounded with additives (hot melts). It applies to fluid hot melts having apparent viscosities up to about 20 Pas at temperatures up to 175°C (347°F).Note 1
For petroleum waxes and their blends having low apparent viscosities, below about 15 mPas, Test Method D 445, is especially applicable.
1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. One pascal second (Pas) = 1000 centipoises (cP). One millipascal second (mPas) = 1 centipoise (cgs units).
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2669–06
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Viscosity of Petroleum Waxes Compounded with
1
Additives (Hot Melts)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2669; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 viscosity—the ratio of shear stress to shear rate.
Viscosity of a liquid is a measure of the internal friction of the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the appar-
liquid in motion. The unit of dynamic viscosity is the pascal
ent viscosity of petroleum waxes compounded with additives
second. For a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity is constant at all
(hot melts). It applies to fluid hot melts having apparent
shear rates. For a non-Newtonian liquid, viscosity will vary
viscosities up to about 20 Pa·s at temperatures up to 175°C
depending on shear rate.
(347°F).
3.1.2 viscosity, apparent—the viscosity determined by this
NOTE 1—For petroleum waxes and their blends having low apparent
method, expressed in pascal seconds. Its value may vary with
viscosities, below about 15 mPa·s, Test Method D445, is especially
the spindle and rotational speed selected because many hot
applicable.
melts are non-Newtonian.
1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the
standard. One pascal second (Pa·s) = 1000 centipoises (cP). 4. Summary of Test Method
One millipascal second (mPa·s) = 1 centipoise (cgs units).
4.1 Approximately 800 g of sample are melted on a hot
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
plate or in an oven.An 800-mL glass beaker which is jacketed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with an electric heating mantle is filled with the melted sample
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to a level of about 25 mm (1 in.) from its top. The viscometer,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with attached spindle and guard, is properly positioned. Stir-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ring is begun and continued while the temperature of the
sample is brought to slightly above the highest desired test
2. Referenced Documents
temperature. Heating is discontinued and stirring is maintained
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
until the sample cools to the chosen temperature. At this time,
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
stirring is stopped and the apparent viscosity is determined.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
Additional determinations are made over a range of tempera-
ity)
tures as the sample cools. Results of temperature and apparent
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
viscosity determinations are plotted on semilog paper, and
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
values at any particular temperature are determined from the
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
curve.
cialty Chemicals
5. Significance and Use
3. Terminology
5.1 This test distinguishes between hot melts having differ-
3.1 Definitions:
ent apparent viscosities. It is believed that apparent viscosity
determined by this procedure is related to flow performance in
application machinery operating under conditions of low shear
1
rate.Apparent viscosity as determined by this method may not
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee correlate well with end use applications where high shear rates
D02.10 on Properties of Petroleum Wax.
are encountered.
Current edition approved July 1, 2006. Published August 2006. Originally
5.2 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2669–87(1999),
quite non-Newtonian and as such the apparent viscosity will be
which was withdrawn in November 2004 and reinstated in July 2006. DOI:
10.1520/D2669-06.
a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the viscometer described in this test generally operates under
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational
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