ASTM D3744/D3744M-11a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Aggregate Durability Index
Standard Test Method for Aggregate Durability Index
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness, and character of clay-like material that may be generated in an aggregate when subjected to mechanical degradation.
The procedure has been used in limited geographical areas of the United States and the results have been correlated with aggregate performance in various construction applications, including: aggregate base, permeable material for backfill, fine concrete aggregate, and riprap for rock slope protection. ,
A minimum durability index is permitted to be specified to prohibit the use of an aggregate in various construction applications that is prone to degradation, resulting in generation of clay-like fines.
This test method provides a rapid test for evaluation of the quality of a new aggregate source. Research has indicated it may also be suitable for use instead of the sodium sulfate soundness test for evaluating the durability characteristics of fine aggregate for use in portland-cement concrete, thereby reducing the need for time-consuming and expensive soundness tests.
Although the application of this method has been limited to aggregates for specific construction uses, the possibility exists for expanding the application of this method to control the quality of aggregates used in other areas of construction, such as aggregates for use in bituminous paving mixtures, coarse aggregate for use in portland-cement concrete, and aggregate for use as railroad ballast.
Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice alone does not completely assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a durability index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a value indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the prescribed mechanical methods of degradation.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice when performing this test method.
1.2.2 Measurements in Section 11, Section 15, Equation 3, Equation 4, Table 1, and Figure 2 are only given in inch-pound units because the equipment used in these sections is only manufactured using the inch-pound system.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3744/D3744M − 11a
Standard Test Method for
1
Aggregate Durability Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3744/D3744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D2419Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofadurability
Fine Aggregate
index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a
D3666Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
value indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the
D4753Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
prescribed mechanical methods of degradation.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
Construction Materials Testing
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
Sieves
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
3. Summary of Test Method
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
conformance with the standard.
3.1 This test method was developed to permit prequalifica-
1.2.1 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in
tion of aggregates proposed for use in the construction of
SI units because they are the only units typically used in
transportation facilities. Basically, the test establishes an ag-
practice when performing this test method.
gregate’s resistance to generating fines when agitated in the
1.2.2 Measurements in Section 11, Section 15, Equation 3,
presence of water. Separate and different test procedures are
Equation4,Table1,andFigure2areonlygivenininch-pound
used to evaluate the coarse and the fine portions of a material.
units because the equipment used in these sections is only
3.2 A sample of coarse aggregate is prepared to a specific
manufactured using the inch-pound system.
grading and then washed in a mechanical washing vessel for a
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2-minagitationtime.Afterdiscardingtheminus4.75-mm(No.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4) material, dry the washed test sample.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.3 The coarse aggregate test sample is then agitated in the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mechanical washing vessel for a period of 10 min.Arepresen-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tative portion of the resulting wash water and minus 75-µm
(No. 200) size fines is collected and mixed with a stock
2. Referenced Documents
calciumchloridesolutionandplacedinaplasticcylinder.After
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a 20-min sedimentation time, the level of the sediment column
C127Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
is read. The height of the sediment value is then used to
and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
calculate the durability index of the coarse aggregate (D ).
c
C136Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
3.4 The fine aggregate sample is prepared by washing a
Aggregates
specific quantity of the material in the mechanical washing
C702PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
vesselfora2-minagitationperiod.Allminus75-µm(No.200)
Size
size material is washed from the sample through a 75-µm (No.
200) sieve and discarded.The plus 75-µm (No. 200) fraction is
dried.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on 3.5 The fine aggregate test sample is tested by the Standard
Aggregate Tests.
Sand Equivalent Test Method (Test Method D2419) except for
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally
modificationstothetestsamplepreparationanddurationofthe
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2011 asD3744–11. DOI:
shaking time. The mechanical shaker method is required. A
10.1520/D3744_D3744_D3744M–11A
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
shaking time of 10 min instead of 45 s is used.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.6 This test method includes procedures for testing aggre-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. gates exhibiting a wide range in specific gravity, including
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3744/D3744M–11 Designation: D3744/D3744M – 11a
Standard Test Method for
1
Aggregate Durability Index
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3744/D3744M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a durability index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a value
indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the prescribed
mechanical methods of degradation.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice
when performing this test method.
1.2.2 Measurements in Section 11, Section 15, Equation 3, Equation 4,Table 1, and Figure 2 are only given in inch-pound units
because the equipment used in these sections is only manufactured using the inch-pound system.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 This test method was developed to permit prequalification of aggregates proposed for use in the construction of
transportation facilities. Basically, the test establishes an aggregate’s resistance to generating fines when agitated in the presence
of water. Separate and different test procedures are used to evaluate the coarse and the fine portions of a material.
3.2 Asample of coarse aggregate is prepared to a specific grading and then washed in a mechanical washing vessel for a 2-min
agitation time. After discarding the minus 4.75-mm (No. 4) material, dry the washed test sample.
3.3 The coarse aggregate test sample is then agitated in the mechanical washing vessel for a period of 10 min.Arepresentative
portion of the resulting wash water and minus 75-µm (No. 200) size fines is collected and mixed with a stock calcium chloride
solution and placed in a plastic cylinder. After a 20-min sedimentation time, the level of the sediment column is read. The height
of the sediment value is then used to calculate the durability index of the coarse aggregate (D ).
c
3.4 The fine aggregate sample is prepared by washing a specific quantity of the material in the mechanical washing vessel for
a 2-min agitation period. All minus 75-µm (No. 200) size material is washed from the sample through a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve
and discarded. The plus 75-µm (No. 200) fraction is dried.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 onAggregate
Tests.
Current edition approved JuneDec. 1, 2011. Published JulyDecember 2011. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2003 asD3744–03.2011
asD3744 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D3744_D3744_D3744M–11A
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, Wes
...
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