ASTM D2940/D2940M-20
(Specification)Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
Standard Specification for Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports
ABSTRACT
This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases. Coarse aggregate retained on the sieve shall consist of durable particles of crushed stone, gravel, or slag capable of withstanding the effects of handling, spreading, and compacting without degradation productive of deleterious fines. Fine aggregate passing through the sieve shall normally consist of fines from the operation of crushing the coarse aggregate. Where available and suitable, addition of natural sand or finer mineral matter, or both, is not prohibited. The following tests shall be performed: grain-size test (dry and wet sieving), liquid limit test, plastic limit test, plasticity index test, sand equivalent value test, and expansion test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.
Note 1: The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further increase in density results. Compaction requirements should ensure that an average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses, 98 % is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D2940/D2940M −20
Standard Specification for
Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases for
1
Highways or Airports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2940/D2940M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded ag-
gregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and com-
2. Referenced Documents
pacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200)
for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.
Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
NOTE 1—The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction
C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and
specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification
Coarse Aggregates
from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant.The
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short
control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of
ments
vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
increaseindensityresults.Compactionrequirementsshouldensurethatan
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and
average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip
Fine Aggregate
maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses,
98 % is suggested as the minimum average requirement. D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
Plasticity Index of Soils
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D4792/D4792M Test Method for Potential Expansion of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Aggregates from Hydration Reactions
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
D7928 Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Grada-
with the standard.
tion) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
(Hydrometer) Analysis
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
as requirements of the standard.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Lot or Process
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, see
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Terminology D8.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. General Requirements
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Coarse aggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
shall consist of durable particles of crushed stone, gravel, or
slag capable of withstanding the effects of handling, spreading,
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 on
2
Aggregate Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2940/D2940M – 15. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2940_D2940M-20. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2940/D2940M − 15 D2940/D2940M − 20
Standard Specification for
Graded Aggregate Material Forfor Bases or Subbases for
1
Highways or Airports
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2940/D2940M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on
a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as
highway or airport bases or subbases.
NOTE 1—The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification from
traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short control
strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further increase in density
results. Compaction requirements should ensure that an average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip maximum density be
achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses, 98%98 % is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
C136C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
D75D8 Practice for Sampling AggregatesTerminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D422D75/D75M Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsPractice for Sampling Aggregates (Withdrawn 2016)
D2419 Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D4792D4792/D4792M Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates from Hydration Reactions
D5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
D7928 Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer)
Analysis
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 on Aggregate
Specifications.
Current edition approved June 1, 2015May 1, 2020. Published July 2015May 2020. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
D2940/D2940M – 09.D2940/D2940M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D2940_D2940M-15.10.1520/D2940_D2940M-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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...
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