ASTM E411-24
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions and a wide variety of organic solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbonyl in the range from 0.5 μg to 50 μg calculated as CO.
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not include steps for sample preparation.
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test are also determined.
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative procedure.
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured within a specified period.
Note 1: Other test methods for the determination of traces of carbonyl compounds are given in Test Methods D1089, D1612, D2119, and D2191.
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Section 8.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E411 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-
1
Dinitrophenylhydrazine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
carbonyl in the range from 0.5 μg to 50 μg calculated as CO.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not
include steps for sample preparation.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
are also determined.
D1089 Method of Test for Carbonyl Content of Butadiene
3
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are (Withdrawn 1984)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative proce-
dure. D1612 Test Method for Acetone in Methanol (Withdrawn
3
2011)
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured
D2119 Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
within a specified period.
D2191 Test Method for Acetaldehyde Content of Vinyl
NOTE 1—Other test methods for the determination of traces of carbonyl
Acetate
compounds are given in Test Methods D1089, D1612, D2119, and D2191.
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
(SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid
terials
procedures, and safety precautions.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Materials by Spectrophotometry
standard.
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
1.8 In determining the conformance of the test results using
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-
this method to applicable specifications, results shall be 3
cialty Chemicals (Withdrawn 2009)
rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
Practice E29.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 The sample containing traces of carbonyl compounds is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
reacted with an acidic solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to form the hydrazone which, upon reaction with potassium
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
hydroxide, forms a wine-red color, presumably due to a
Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Section
resonating quinoidal ion. The intensity of the red color, which
8.
is a function of the carbonyl concentration, is determined
1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-
photometrically and the amount of carbonyl is read directly
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
bility of Subcommittee D16.04 on Instrumental Analysis. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published January 2024. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E411 – 17a. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E0411-24. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E411 − 24
from a previously prepared calibration curve. This test method reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without
4
is based upon the
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E411 − 17a E411 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-
1
Dinitrophenylhydrazine
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E411; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total carbonyl in the range from 0.50.5 μg to 50 μg calculated as CO.
1.2 This test method is intended to be general and does not include steps for sample preparation.
1.3 Acetals that hydrolyze under the conditions of the test are also determined.
1.4 Carbonyl derivatives such as acetals and imines that are easily hydrolyzed may be determined by an alternative procedure.
1.5 The developed color is not stable and must be measured within a specified period.
NOTE 1—Other test methods for the determination of traces of carbonyl compounds are given in Test Methods D1089, D1612, D2119, and D2191.
1.6 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and
safety precautions.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off
in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 and Section 8.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D16.04 on Instrumental Analysis.
Current edition approved July 1, 2017Jan. 1, 2024. Published July 2017January 2024. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
E411 – 17.E411 – 17a. DOI: 10.1520/E0411-17a.10.1520/E0411-24.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E411 − 24
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D1089 Method of Test for Carbonyl Content of Butadiene (Withdrawn 1984)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3
D1612 Test Method for Acetone in Methanol (Withdrawn 2011)
D2119 Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
D2191 Test Method for Acetaldehyde Content of Vinyl Acetate
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials by Spectrophotometry
E180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Specialty Chemicals
3
(Withdrawn 2009)
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample containing traces of carbonyl compounds is reacted with an acidic solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form
the hydrazone which, upon reaction with potassium hydroxide, forms a wine-red color, presumably due to a resonating quinoidal
ion. The intensity of the red color, which is a function of the carbonyl concentration, is determined photometrically and the amount
of carbonyl is read directly from a previously prepared calibration curve. This test method is based upon the work of Lappin and
4
Clark.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is applicable to the determination of trace amounts of aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solutions and a wide
variety of organic solvents.
5. Interferences
5.1 Th
...
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