ASTM D2119-24

Standard Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity of aldehydes, both for quality control and quality assurance of the product.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wet chemical determination of aldehydes in styrene monomer. Aldehydes are calculated and reported as benzaldehyde.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with aldehyde concentrations to 0.030 mass%. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.0006 mass% and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.002 mass% based on the data in 13.1.  
1.3 In determining conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2023
• ICS: 71.080.15 - Aromatic hydrocarbons
• Technical Committee: D16 - Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals
• Drafting Committee: D16.07 - Styrene, Ethylbenzene and C9 and C10 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2119-19 - Standard Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E411-24 - Standard Test Method for Trace Quantities of Carbonyl Compounds with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D1969-22 - Standard Specification for 2-Ethylhexanol
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Referred By: ASTM D2827-19 - Standard Specification for Styrene Monomer
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024

Overview

ASTM D2119-24, titled "Standard Test Method for Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer," is a widely recognized standard developed by ASTM International for the determination of aldehyde content in styrene monomer using a wet chemical method. This standard plays an important role in quality control and quality assurance procedures within the chemical and petrochemical industries, where accurate measurement of aldehyde content is critical to ensuring product quality and conformity to specifications.

This test method specifically quantifies aldehydes, reported as benzaldehyde, in concentrations up to 0.030 mass%. It offers high sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0006 mass% and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.002 mass%.

Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability

  • Determines aldehyde content in styrene monomer up to 0.030 mass%
  • Results are calculated and reported as benzaldehyde content
  • Suitable for use as a quality control tool in both laboratory and production environments

• Test Method Summary

  • Involves the reaction of aldehydes with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in methanol
  • The amount of liberated hydrochloric acid, equating to aldehyde presence, is titrated with standard sodium hydroxide
  • Includes careful sample handling and temperature recording

• Precision and Quality Assurance

  • Repeatability: Duplicate results generally agree within 0.0006 mass%
  • Reproducibility: Inter-laboratory comparison shows agreement within 0.0016 mass%
  • Emphasizes the implementation of quality control (QA/QC) practices as guided by ASTM D6809

• Safety Considerations

  • Users must refer to the latest OSHA regulations and Material Safety Data Sheets
  • Styrene monomer is highly flammable and can polymerize exothermically under certain conditions
  • Proper laboratory safety, health, and environmental practices are essential

Applications

The ASTM D2119-24 standard is crucial for a range of practical applications, including:

• Quality Control in Styrene Production

  • Ensures aldehyde impurities are within specification limits, protecting end-product integrity
  • Supports manufacturers in meeting industry and contractual requirements

• Quality Assurance Compliance

  • Facilitates compliance with customer and regulatory quality expectations
  • Provides a defensible, standardized methodology for auditing product quality

• Inter-laboratory Consistency

  • Enables effective comparison of test results between producers, customers, and laboratories
  • Promotes confidence in reported values for aldehydes in the global chemical trade

• Research and Development

  • Assists in evaluating new productions and purification processes affecting aldehyde concentration in styrene monomer

Related Standards

Several key documents are referenced within ASTM D2119-24, supporting its implementation and ensuring consistency across the industry:

• ASTM D1193 - Specification for Reagent Water
• ASTM D3437 - Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
• ASTM D6809 - Guide for QA/QC Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
• ASTM E29 - Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
• OSHA Regulations 29 CFR 1910.1000 and 1910.1200 - Safety and health standards relevant to laboratory practices

Keywords: ASTM D2119-24, aldehyde content, styrene monomer, benzaldehyde determination, quality control, wet chemical analysis, laboratory standards, ASTM International, QA/QC, aromatic hydrocarbon testing

By adhering to ASTM D2119-24, organizations ensure reliable, accurate, and internationally recognized assessments of aldehyde content in styrene monomer, underpinning both product quality and regulatory compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2119 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma-
1.1 This test method covers the wet chemical determination
terials
of aldehydes in styrene monomer. Aldehydes are calculated
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
and reported as benzaldehyde.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with aldehyde
2.2 Other Documents:
concentrations to 0.030 mass%. The limit of detection (LOD)
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
is 0.0006 mass% and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.002
1910.1200
mass% based on the data in 13.1.
3. Summary of Test Method
1.3 In determining conformance of the test results using this
method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off 3.1 An alcoholic solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride
in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29. is added to a specimen of styrene monomer. Active aldehydes
present react in accordance with the following equation:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
RCHO1NH OH·HCl→RCHNOH1H O1HCl (1)
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2 2
standard.
The hydrochloric acid, which is equivalent to the aldehyde
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
present in the sample, is titrated with standard sodium hydrox-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ide solution.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 4. Significance and Use
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity
For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
of aldehydes, both for quality control and quality assurance of
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
the product.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Interferences
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 Ketones, if present, interfere by partially reacting with
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the reagent.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Erlenmeyer Flasks, glass-stoppered, 250 mL.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 Pipets, 25 mL.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6.3 Volumetric Flasks, 100 mL.
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
Products
6.4 Burets, 10 mL. (Microburets are preferred.)
6.5 Thermometers, capable of differentiating 1 °C at ambi-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on ent.
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi-
bility of Subcommittee D16.07 on Styrene, Ethylbenzene and C9 and C10 Aromatic
7. Reagents and Materials
Hydrocarbons.
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2024. Published January 2024. Originally
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D2119 – 19. DOI:
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
10.1520/D2119-24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
the ASTM website. www.dodssp.daps.mil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2119 − 24
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on buret, and record the volume used. Let stand 1 h and again
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where titrate any acid that may have been liberated. Record the total
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, volume of NaOH used.
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
10.2 Since methanol may contain aldehydes, run a blank
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
determination on 25 mL of methanol.
the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references 11. Calculation
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
11.1 Calculate the percentage of aldehydes as benzaldehyde
by Type I or II of Specification D1193.
as follows:
7.3 Hydrochloric Acid, Standard (0.05 N)—Prepare a 0.05 N
Aldehydes, % 5 A 2 B N × 0.106 /25C × 100 (2)
@~~ ! ! #
solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl CAS 7647-01-0) by diluting
where:
4.15 mL of concentrated HCl (density 1.19 g/mL) to 1 L with
water. A = NaOH solution required for titration of the specimen,
mL,
7.4 Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride Solution—Dissolve 20 g
B = NaOH solution required for titration of the methanol
of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH OH·HCl, CAS 5470-
blank, mL,
11-1) in 1 L of methanol and neutralize to the red-yellow end
N = normality of NaOH solution used, and
point of thymol blue indicator.
C = density of styrene monomer.
7.5 Methanol (CAS 67-56-1).
12. Report
7.6 Sodium Hydroxide, Stand
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2119 − 19 D2119 − 24
Standard Test Method for
Aldehydes in Styrene Monomer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the wet chemical determination of aldehydes in styrene monomer. Aldehydes are calculated and
reported as benzaldehyde. The range of concentration for this test method is 0.001 % to 0.030 %.
1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with aldehyde concentrations to 0.030 mass%. The limit of detection (LOD) is
0.0006 mass% and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.002 mass% based on the data in 13.1.
1.3 In determining conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in
accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 Other Documents:
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and 1910.1200
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D16.07 on Styrene, Ethylbenzene and C9 and C10 Aromatic Hydrocarbons.
Current edition approved June 1, 2019Jan. 1, 2024. Published June 2019January 2024. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20092019 as
D2119 – 09D2119 – 19. which was withdrawn January 2018 and reinstated in June 2019. DOI: 10.1520/D2119-19.DOI: 10.1520/D2119-24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://www.dodssp.daps.mil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2119 − 24
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 An alcoholic solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride is added to a specimen of styrene monomer. Active aldehydes present
react in accordance with the following equation:
RCHO1NH OH·HCl→RCHNOH1H O1HCl (1)
2 2
The hydrochloric acid, which is equivalent to the aldehyde present in the sample, is titrated with standard sodium hydroxide
solution.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is suitable for determining the quantity of aldehydes, both for quality control and quality assurance of the
product.
5. Interferences
5.1 Ketones, if present, interfere by partially reacting with the reagent.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Erlenmeyer Flasks, glass-stoppered, 250-mL.250 mL.
6.2 Pipets, 25-mL.25 mL.
6.3 Volumetric Flasks, 100-mL.100 mL.
6.4 Burets, 10-mL.10 mL. (Microburets are preferred.)
6.5 Thermometers, capable of differentiating 1°C1 °C at ambient.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where such
specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity
to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined by Type
III of I or II of Specification D1193.
7.3 Hydrochloric Acid, Standard (0.05 N)—Prepare a 0.05 N solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) (HCl CAS 7647-01-0) by diluting
4.15 mL of concentrated HCl (density 1.19 g/mL) to 1 L with water.
7.4 Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride Solution—Dissolve 20 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH OH·HCl) OH·HCl, CAS
5470-11-1) in 1 L of methanol and neutralize to the red-yellow end point of thymol blue indicator.
7.5 Methanol. Methanol (CAS 67-56-1).
7.6 Sodium Hydroxide, Standard Solution (0.05 N)—Dissolve 2.00 g of low-carbonate sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (NaOH, CAS
1310-73-2) in water and dilute to 1 L. Standardize against primary standard benzoic acid.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, ACS Reagent Chemicals, Specifications and Procedures for Reagents and Standard-Grade Reference
Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for
Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. PharmaceuticalPharmacopeial Convention, Inc.
(USPC), Rockville, MD.
D2119 − 24
7.7 Thymol Blue Indicator Solution—Dissolve 0.1 g of thymol sulfonphthalein, sodium salt, salt (CAS 62625-21-2), in wa
...