ASTM E2013-20
(Practice)Standard Practice for Developing Functions, Constructing FAST Diagrams, and Performing Function Analysis During Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) Study
Standard Practice for Developing Functions, Constructing FAST Diagrams, and Performing Function Analysis During Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) Study
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As part of the VE/VA study, perform function analysis after the collection of relevant information and prior to the identification of alternatives.
5.2 This practice provides a specific understanding of what must be accomplished and provides the basis for stimulating the creative phase of the value methodology. This is accomplished by naming and analyzing the functions and using the functions of the VE/VA study to generate ideas and alternative solutions.
5.3 This practice establishes a communication format through which all stakeholders can understand the project, product, or process.
5.4 This practice presents a method by which stakeholders’ needs and desires are compared to the cost to satisfy those needs and desires.
5.4.1 Function cost data help the user identify the alternatives and their functions that are highly valued with respect to their cost, thereby targeting opportunities for increasing value.
5.4.2 Targeting is done by identifying the low preference/high cost functions and high preference/low cost functions. These data will be used in the VE/VA study as a basis to create alternative solutions.
5.5 This practice helps stakeholders to formulate a strategy to maximize values.
5.6 Functions are also used to define criteria to compare alternatives.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a logical structure for the function analysis of a project, product, or process.
1.2 This practice provides a system to identify, define, and clearly communicate the purpose of a project, product, or process and the associated elements of the project, product, or process.
1.3 This practice covers the relationship between the functions that must be satisfied and the resources for a project, product, or process to accomplish those functions.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2013 − 20
Standard Practice for
Developing Functions, Constructing FAST Diagrams, and
Performing Function Analysis During Value Engineering
1
(VE)/Value Analysis (VA) Study
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Sitework—UNIFORMAT II
E1699 Practice for Performing Value Engineering (VE)/
1.1 This practice covers a logical structure for the function
Value Analysis (VA) of Projects, Products and Processes
analysis of a project, product, or process.
E2103/E2103M Classification for Bridge Elements—
1.2 This practice provides a system to identify, define, and
UNIFORMAT II
clearly communicate the purpose of a project, product, or
process and the associated elements of the project, product, or
3. Terminology
process.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of general terms related to
1.3 This practice covers the relationship between the func-
building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminol-
tions that must be satisfied and the resources for a project,
ogy E631; and for general terms related to building economics,
product, or process to accomplish those functions.
refer to Terminology E833.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
3.2.1 basic function, n—a primary purpose or action of a
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
project, product, or process.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1.1 Discussion—A basic function establishes the spe-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
cific purpose for which something exists and answers the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
question “what must it do?”.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.2 function, n—the intent or purpose that all elements of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a project, product, or process is expected to satisfy.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.3 function analysis, n—the process of identifying,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
classifying, and prioritizing functions for value improvement.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.4 function analysis systems technique (FAST), n—a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
structured tool used to identify, classify, and analyze functions.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.5 function cost, n—the cost of an element or set of
2. Referenced Documents
elements to satisfy a specific function.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.6 function worth, n—the lowest utilization of resources
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
to satisfy a specific function.
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
3.2.7 higher order function, n—it represents the specific
E1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related
goals or needs for which the basic function exists.
3.2.8 lower order function, n—this function is typically the
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
input to the project, product, or process study. It is outside the
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on
scope of the study.
Building Economics.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
3.2.9 secondary function, n—an action or set of actions that
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E2013 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/E2013-20. enhances the satisfaction of the stakeholders’ needs and de-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sires.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.2.9.1 Discussion—Secondary functions define how the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. basic functions are being accomplished.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2013 − 20
3.2.10 sell function (aesthetic function), n—an action or set 5.5 This practice helps stakeholders to formulate a strategy
of actions that enhances a work functi
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2013 − 12 E2013 − 20
Standard Practice for
Developing Functions, Constructing FAST Diagrams, and
Performing Function Analysis During Value Engineering
1
(VE)/Value Analysis (VA) Study
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers a logical structure for the function analysis of a building projectproject, product, or process.
1.2 This practice provides a system to identify unnecessary costs of a project.identify, define, and clearly communicate the purpose
of a project, product, or process and the associated elements of the project, product, or process.
1.3 This practice covers the relationship between the functions that must be satisfied and the resources for a project, product, or
process to accomplish those functions.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
E1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related Sitework—UNIFORMAT II
E1699 Practice for Performing Value Engineering (VE)/Value Analysis (VA) of Projects, Products and Processes
E2103/E2103M Classification for Bridge Elements—UNIFORMAT II
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on Building
Economics.
Current edition approved March 15, 2012Dec. 1, 2020. Published April 2012December 2020. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20062012
as E2013 – 06.E2013 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/E2013-12.10.1520/E2013-20.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2013 − 20
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: Definitions—
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminologies E631 and E833.For definitions of general terms related
to building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminology E631; and for general terms related to building economics, refer
to Terminology E833.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 basic function, n—a primary purpose or action of a project, product, or process.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
A basic function establishes the specific purpose for which something exists and answers the question “what must it do?”.
3.2.2 function, n—the intent or purpose that all elements of a project, product, or process is expected to satisfy.
3.2.3 function analysis, n—the process of identifying, classifying, and prioritizing functions for value improvement.
3.2.4 function analysis systems technique (FAST), n—a structured tool used to identify, classify, and analyze functions.
3.2.5 function cost, n—the cost of an element or set of elements to satisfy a specific function.
3.2.6 function worth, n—the lowest utilization of resources to satisfy a specific function.
3.2.7 higher order function, n—it represents the specific goals or needs for which the basic function exists.
3.2.8 lower order function, n—this function is typically the input to the project, product, or process study. It is outside t
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