ASTM A973/A973M-07
(Specification)Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain
Standard Specification for Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain
ABSTRACT
This specification covers Grade 100 heat-treated alloy steel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies, and load binding. The alloy steel shall be fully killed and have an austenitic grain size of five or finer. The steel shall be made by the electric welding or gas welding process. After welding, alloy steel chain shall be heat treated before applying the proof test. Heat and product analysis shall be performed and shall meet the required chemical composition in carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur. All chain shall be tested to at least the proof load and breaking force test specimen shall consist of a length from the lot containing at least the number of links. All chain shall be in the quenched and tempered condition before the elongation is measured.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers Grade 100 heat-treated alloy steel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies, and load binding.
Note 1—This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocket wheel applications.
1.2 This specification is a performance standard for Grade 100 chain used between −20 and 400°F [−29 and 205°C]. The chain manufacturer should be contacted for use at temperatures outside this range.
1.3 The Grade designation is 1/10 of the minimum breaking strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
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Designation:A973/A973M −07
StandardSpecification for
1
Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA973/A973M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers Grade 100 heat-treated alloy 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
steel chain for such applications as slings, lifting assemblies, 3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in
and load binding.
poundsornewtonsatwhichthechain,duringmanufacture,has
been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocket
force is applied in direct tension.
wheel applications.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute
1.2 This specification is a performance standard for Grade
acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
100 chain used between −20 and 400°F [−29 and 205°C]. The
3.1.2 date code, n—series of letters, numbers, or both
chainmanufacturershouldbecontactedforuseattemperatures
embossedonthechainwhichenablesitsmanufacturinghistory
outside this range.
to be traced.
1
1.3 The Grade designation is ⁄10 of the minimum breaking
3.1.3 lot,n—forthepurposeofacceptancetesting,alotshall
strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-
consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same
sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.
size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft
1.4 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinotherunitsshall
[1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
3.1.4 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.
must be used independently of the other, without combining
3.1.4.1 Discussion—It is the minimum force in pounds or
values in any way.
newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the
producer, under a test in which a constantly increasing force
2. Referenced Documents
has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall not
A29/A29MSpecification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
be used as criteria for service or design purposes.
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
3.1.5 traceability code, n—series of letters, numbers, or
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
both embossed on the chain which enables its manufacturing
cal Analysis of Steel Products
history, including the identity of the steel heat, to be traced.
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
3.1.6 working load limit (WLL), n—maximum combined
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be
2.2 SAE Standard:
applied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length of
SAE J422 Microscopic Determination of Inclusions in
chain.
3
Steels
4. Ordering Information
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
this specification. Such requirements include, but are not
A01.27 on Steel Chain.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
limited to, the following:
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A973/A973M–01.
4.1.1 ProducttoconformtoSpecificationA973/A973Mand
DOI: 10.1520/A0973_A0973M-07.
2 date of issue,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1.2 Nominal size of chain (in. or mm),
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.1.3 Quantity of chain (ft or m),
the ASTM website.
3 4.1.4 Length of each piece, if required,
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096. 4.1.5 Finish, if required,
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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A973/A973M−07
TABLE 2 Mechanical Test Sample Length Requirements
4.1.6 Certification of test(s), if required,
4.1.7 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required, Minimum Number of
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:A973/A973M–01 Designation: A 973/A 973M – 07
Standard Specification for
1
Grade 100 Alloy Steel Chain
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA973/A973M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 ThisspecificationcoversGrade100heat-treatedalloysteelchainforsuchapplicationsasslings,liftingassemblies,andload
binding.
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover alloy steel chain for pocket wheel applications.
1.2 This specification is a performance standard for Grade 100 chain used between −20 and 400°F [−29 and 205°C].The chain
manufacturer should be contacted for use at temperatures outside this range.
1.3ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystem
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any
way.
1
1.3 TheGradedesignationis ⁄10oftheminimumbreakingstrengthinnewtonsdividedbytwotimesthenominalcross-sectional
area of the chain in square millimetres.
1.4 ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinotherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystem
may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any
way.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought and Cold-Finished, General Requirements for
A919Terminology Relating to Heat Treatment of Metals
E30Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
E350Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought
Iron
5
E415Test Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectrometric Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel
A29/A29M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
2.2 SAE Standard:
3
SAE J422 Microscopic Determination of Inclusions in Steels
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—the minimum —minimum force in pounds or newtons at which the chain, during
manufacture, has been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct tension.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
3.1.2 lot—for the purpose of acceptance testing, a lot shall consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same size
chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds 3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot. date code, n—series of letters,
numbers, or both embossed on the chain which enables its manufacturing history to be traced.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.27 on Steel Chain.
CurrenteditionapprovedSept.10,2001.Nov.1,2007.PublishedNovember2001.2007.OriginallypublishedasA973/A973M-97.approvedin1997.Lastpreviousedition
A 973/A 973M-00.approved in 2001 as A973/A973M–01.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 01.05.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Discontinued. See 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 01.02.
3
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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A 973/A 973M – 07
3.1.3 proof test—a quality control tensile test applied to chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality. It is the
minimum force in pounds or newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the producer, under a test in which a
constantly increasing force has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain. Proof te
...
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