ASTM D4978-95(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Screening of Reactive Sulfides in Waste (Withdrawn 2016)
Standard Test Methods for Screening of Reactive Sulfides in Waste (Withdrawn 2016)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are intended for use by waste treatment, storage, disposal, and remedial facilities, in order to show the presence of potentially hazardous sulfide.
Method B: Gas Detector Tube—This proposed test method was designed to measure gases migrating into an air space at a height of 10 units (for example, 10 ft) from a receiving or mixing pit of 10 units square (for example, 100 ft2). In essence, the total volume of the atmosphere is approximately 10 times the surface area of the sample and test solution.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are applicable to the screening of reactive sulfides in wastes, liquids, sludges, semisolids, and solids by using the following methods:SectionsTest Method A-Lead Acetate PaperTest Method B-Gas Detector Tube
1.2 These test methods are not applicable in determining the type and concentration of reactive sulfides.
1.3 These test methods are designed and intended as a preliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitative analytical techniques that may be used to determine sulfide concentration. These test methods offer, to the user, the option and the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous levels of reactive sulfide when the sophisticated techniques are not available and the total waste composition is unknown.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 7 and 11.3.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods were applicable to the screening of reactive sulfides in wastes, liquids, sludges, semisolids, and solids by using lead acetate paper or gas detector tube.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D34 on Waste Management, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2016 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4978 −95(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Methods for
Screening of Reactive Sulfides in Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4978; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope quantitative techniques that is designed to efficiently give the
user parameters about a waste that will aid in determining
1.1 These test methods are applicable to the screening of
waste identification, process compatibility, and safety in han-
reactive sulfides in wastes, liquids, sludges, semisolids, and
dling.
solids by using the following methods:
Sections
4. Summary of Test Methods
Test MethodA—LeadAcetate Paper 9–14
Test Method B—Gas Detector Tube 15–19
4.1 Method A: Lead Acetate Paper—A sample of waste
1.2 These test methods are not applicable in determining the material is acidified. If sulfides are present in the waste,
type and concentration of reactive sulfides.
hydrogen sulfide (H S) is evolved. In the presence of hydrogen
sulfide, lead acetate paper changes color to silvery brown or
1.3 These test methods are designed and intended as a
black.
preliminary test to complement the more sophisticated quanti-
tative analytical techniques that may be used to determine 4.2 Method B: Gas Detector Tube—Aportion of the sample
sulfide concentration. These test methods offer, to the user, the
is acidified in a beaker to release sulfide as hydrogen sulfide
option and the ability to screen waste for potentially hazardous gas. The gas is funneled through a detector tube creating a
levels of reactive sulfide when the sophisticated techniques are color stain in the tube proportionate to the concentration of
not available and the total waste composition is unknown. sulfide gas in the vapor.Adefinite color change in the detector
tube indicates a positive presence of sulfide.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 These test methods are intended for use by waste
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard treatment, storage, disposal, and remedial facilities, in order to
information is given in Section 7 and 11.3.
show the presence of potentially hazardous sulfide.
5.2 Method B: Gas Detector Tube—This proposed test
2. Referenced Documents
method was designed to measure gases migrating into an air
2.1 ASTM Standards:
space at a height of 10 units (for example, 10 ft) from a
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
receiving or mixing pit of 10 units square (for example, 100
ft ). In essence, the total volume of the atmosphere is approxi-
3. Terminology
mately 10 times the surface area of the sample and test
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: solution.
3.1.1 reactive sulfide—a compound containing sulfide that
6. Reagents
readily forms hydrogen sulfide gas upon reaction with acid.
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
3.1.2 screening analysis—a preliminary qualitative or semi-
quantitative test developed from classical qualitative and used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
1 3
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used
Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on
Screening Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2007. Published March 2007. Originally
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D4978 – 95(2001). Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , American
DOI: 10.1520/D4978-95R07. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
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D4978−95 (2007)
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently 11.6 No color change to the lead acetate paper will be
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of reported as negative.
the determination.
12. Report
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
12.1 Report the following information:
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
12.1.1 Sample identification,
by Type III of Specification D1193.
12.1.2 Date of test,
12.1.3 Test procedure performed, and
7. Hazards
12.1.4 Sample classification: positive or negative.
7.1 These tests should be conducted under a fume hood.
13. Quality Control
7.2 Avoid inhalation and skin or eye contact, or both, with
all hazardous material.
13.1 A quality control check sample shall be tested with
each batch of samples.The concentration of this sample should
8. Sampling
reflect the action level required by the laboratory. Method or
8.1 Collect a representative sample of the waste in a sealed reagent blanks
...
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