ASTM E1571-11
(Practice)Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope
Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice outlines a procedure to standardize an instrument and to use the instrument to examine ferromagnetic wire rope products in which the magnetic flux and magnetic flux leakage methods are used. If properly applied, the magnetic flux method is capable of detecting the presence, location, and magnitude of metal loss from wear, broken wires, and corrosion, and the magnetic flux leakage method is capable of detecting the presence and location of flaws such as broken wires and corrosion pits.
The instrument's response to the rope's fabrication, installation, and in-service-induced flaws can be significantly different from the instrument's response to artificial flaws such as wire gaps or added wires. For this reason, it is preferable to detect and mark (using set-up standards that represent) real in-service-induced flaws whose characteristics will adversely affect the serviceability of the wire rope.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the application and standardization of instruments that use the electromagnetic, the magnetic flux, and the magnetic flux leakage examination method to detect flaws and changes in metallic cross-sectional areas in ferromagnetic wire rope products.
1.1.1 This practice includes rope diameters up to 2.5 in. (63.5 mm). Larger diameters may be included, subject to agreement by the users of this practice.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1571 − 11
StandardPractice for
Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire
1
Rope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
4
1. Scope* Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
1.1 This practice covers the application and standardization
3. Terminology
of instruments that use the electromagnetic, the magnetic flux,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
and the magnetic flux leakage examination method to detect
practice, refer to Terminology E1316.
flaws and changes in metallic cross-sectional areas in ferro-
magnetic wire rope products.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1.1 This practice includes rope diameters up to 2.5 in.
3.2.1 dual-function instrument—a wire rope NDT instru-
(63.5 mm). Larger diameters may be included, subject to
ment designed to detect and display changes of metallic
agreement by the users of this practice.
cross-sectional area on one channel and local flaws on another
channel of a dual-channel strip chart recorder or another
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
appropriate device.
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units are provided for infor-
3.2.2 local flaw (LF)—a discontinuity in a rope, such as a
mation only and are not considered standard.
broken or damaged wire, a corrosion pit on a wire, a groove
worn into a wire, or any other physical condition that degrades
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the integrity of the rope in a localized manner.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.3 loss of metallic cross-sectional area (LMA)—a relative
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measure of the amount of material (mass) missing from a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
location along the wire rope and is measured by comparing a
point with a reference point on the rope that represents
2. Referenced Documents
maximum metallic cross-sectional area, as measured with an
2
instrument.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
3.2.4 single-function instrument—a wire rope NDT instru-
Testing
ment designed to detect and display either changes in metallic
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
cross-sectional area or local flaws, but not both, on a strip chart
2.2 Other Documents: recorder or another appropriate device.
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and
3
4. Summary of Practice
Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
4.1 The principle of operation of a wire rope nondestructive
3
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
examination instrument is as follows:
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
4.1.1 Direct Current and Permanent Magnet (Magnetic
Flux) Instruments—Direct current (dc) and permanent magnet
instruments (Figs. 1 and 2) supply a constant flux that
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-
magnetizesalengthofropeasitpassesthroughthesensorhead
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on
(magnetizing circuit). The total axial magnetic flux in the rope
Electromagnetic Method.
can be measured either by Hall effect sensors, an encircling
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
published as E1571 – 93. Last previous edition E1571 – 06. DOI: 10.1520/E1571-
(sense) coil, or by any other appropriate device that can
11.
measure absolute magnetic fields or variations in a steady
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
3
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1571 − 11
FIG. 1 Schematic Representation of a Permanent Magnet E
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1571–06 Designation:E1571–11
Standard Practice for
Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire
1
Rope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the application and standardization of instruments that use the electromagnetic, the magnetic flux, and
the magnetic flux leakage examination method to detect flaws and changes in metallic cross-sectional areas in ferromagnetic wire
rope products.
1.1.1 This practice includes rope diameters up to 2.5 in. (63.5 mm). Larger diameters may be included, subject to agreement
by the users of this practice.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
2.2 Other Documents:
3
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification inof Nondestructive Testing Personnel
3
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
4
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions—See Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology E1316for general terminology applicable
to this practice. .
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dual-function instrument—a wire rope NDTinstrument designed to detect and display changes of metallic cross-sectional
area on one channel and local flaws on another channel of a dual-channel strip chart recorder or another appropriate device.
3.2.2 local flaw (LF)—a discontinuity in a rope, such as a broken or damaged wire, a corrosion pit on a wire, a groove worn
into a wire, or any other physical condition that degrades the integrity of the rope in a localized manner.
3.2.3 loss of metallic cross-sectional area (LMA)—a relative measure of the amount of material (mass) missing from a location
along the wire rope and is measured by comparing a point with a reference point on the rope that represents maximum metallic
cross-sectional area, as measured with an instrument.
3.2.4 single-function instrument—a wire rope NDT instrument designed to detect and display either changes in metallic
cross-sectional area or local flaws, but not both, on a strip chart recorder or another appropriate device.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 on Electromagnetic
Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006.2011. Published January 2007.2012. Originally published as E1571 – 93. Last previous edition E1571 – 016. DOI:
10.1520/E1571-06.10.1520/E1571-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1571–11
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 The principle of operation of a wire rope nondestructive examination instrument is as follows:
4.1.1AC Electromagnetic Instrument—Anelectromagneticwireropeexaminationinstrumentworksonthetransformerprinci
...
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