ASTM D5215-93(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by Adhesives
Standard Test Method for Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by Adhesives
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Certain substances in adhesives may cause discoloration of vinyl flooring. This test method provides a means of measuring the discolorations that may occur in the vinyl as a result of contact with these adhesives. Vinyl flooring specimens, either contacting or not contacting the adhesive, are exposed to heat and UVA light to accelerate discoloration. By means of colorimeter or spectrophotometer, color differences between exposed specimens are accurately measured. Therefore, instrumental evaluation rather than personal subjective evaluation is used to determine the amount of discoloration an adhesive may produce in vinyl flooring. This test method does not attempt to simulate or duplicate the heat and sunlight conditions that may impact vinyl floor coverings while in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures and instrumentation for accurately measuring the degree of staining that may occur in vinyl flooring as a result of its contact with adhesives. Measured color differences between vinyl flooring specimens contacting the adhesive and not contacting the adhesive are expressed in the CIELAB Color-Scale System.
1.2 This test method provides for visual evaluation of staining which may occur when vinyl flooring contacts adhesives.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5215 – 93 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by
Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Ap-
paratus(FluorescentUV-CondensationType)forExposure
1.1 This test method describes procedures and instrumenta-
of Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)
tion for accurately measuring the degree of staining that may
occur in vinyl flooring as a result of its contact with adhesives.
3. Terminology
Measured color differences between vinyl flooring specimens
3.1 Definitions:
contacting the adhesive and not contacting the adhesive are
3.1.1 chromaticity coordinates, n—the ratio of each of the
expressed in the CIELAB Color-Scale System.
tristimulus values of a psychophysical color to the sum of the
1.2 This test method provides for visual evaluation of
tristimulus values (see Terminology E284).
staining which may occur when vinyl flooring contacts adhe-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Chromaticity coordinates in the CIE
sives.
system of color specification are designated by x, y, and z.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
* * *
3.1.2 CIE 1976 L a b uniform color space, CIELAB, (1,
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
2) , n—anapproximatelyuniformcolorspace,thatisproduced
information only.
* * *
by plotting in rectangular coordinates the quantities L , a , b ,
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
from which the total difference between two colors may be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
calculated.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The abbreviation CIELAB is recom-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
mended.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 color difference, n—as visually perceived, the magni-
2. Referenced Documents tude and character of the difference between two colors
describedbysuchtermsasredder,bluer,lighter,darker,grayer,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or cleaner (see Terminology E284).
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
3.1.4 color difference, n—as computed, the magnitude and
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
direction of the difference between two psychophysical color
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
stimuli and their components computed from tristimulus val-
Coordinates
ues, or by chromaticity coordinates and luminance factor, by
E284 Terminology of Appearance
means of a specified set of color-difference equations (see
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
Terminology E284).
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
3.1.5 CIELAB color difference equation, n (1, 2)—the total
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
*
difference DE between two colors, each given in terms of
ab
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
* * *
L , a , b , calculated as follows:
Geometry
* *2 *2 *2
D E 5 ~DL 1Da 1Db ! (1)
ab
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on *
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The magnitude, DE , gives no indi-
ab8
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construction
cation of the character of the difference since it does not
Adhesives.
Current edition approved April 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D5215–93(1999).
DOI: 10.1520/D5215-93R05.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM on www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5215 – 93 (2005)
indicate the relative quantity and direction of the hue, satura- 4.3 Specimens are exposed to ultraviolet light for 48 h.
tion, and lightness differences. The CIELAB color differences
5. Significance and Use
are uniformly 1.1 times Adams-Nickerson (AN40) color dif-
ferences.
5.1 Certainsubstancesinadhesivesmaycausediscoloration
3.1.5.2 Discussion—The direction of the color difference is
of vinyl flooring. This test method provides a means of
described by the magnitude and algebraic signs of the compo-
measuring the discolorations that may occur in the vinyl as a
* * *
nents DL , Da , D b as follows:
result of contact with these adhesives. Vinyl flooring speci-
* * * mens, either contacting or not contacting the adhesive, are
DL 5 L 2 L (2)
1 0
exposed to heat and UVAlight to accelerate discoloration. By
* * *
Da 5 a 2 a (3)
1 0
means of colorimeter or spectrophotometer, color differences
* * *
between exposed specimens are accurately measured. There-
Db 5 b 2 b (4)
1 0
* * * * * fore, instrumental evaluation rather than personal subjective
where L ,a ,andb refertothereference,and L ,a ,and
0 0 0 1 1
evaluation is used to determine the amount of discoloration an
*
b refer to the test specimen.
adhesive may produce in vinyl flooring. This test method does
3.1.6 directional optical measuring system, n—an optical
not attempt to simulate or duplicate the heat and sunlight
system for measuring the reflecting or transmitting properties
conditions that may impact vinyl floor coverings while in
of specimens, in which the illuminator and receiver each
service.
subtend small angles at the specimen surface.
3.1.7 luminance factor, n—the ratio of the luminance of a
6. Apparatus
specimen to that of a perfect diffuser, when illuminated and
6.1 Instrumentation for Color Readings—A colorimeter or
viewed under specified geometric conditions (seeTerminology
spectrophotometer that measures color coordinates as de-
E284).
scribed in Test Methods E1347 and E1349.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—IntheCIE1931system,theluminance
6.1.1 Scale—CIELAB Color-Scale System.
factor is tristimulus factor Y.
6.1.2 Illuminant—D65 illuminant or equivalent.
3.1.8 CIE tristimulus values, n—theamountsofthreespeci-
6.1.3 Standard Observer—2 or 10°.
fied stimuli required to match a color (seeTerminology E284).
6.1.4 Viewpoint Diameter—Equal to or less than 1.0 in. (25
3.1.8.1 Discussion—In the CIE system, they are assigned
mm).
the symbols X, Y, and Z.
6.1.5 Bidirectional Geometry—45°/0° (45° circumferential
3.2 Symbols:
illumination/0° viewing).
*
3.2.1 L —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
6.2 Spatula—Unspecified size.
coordinate relating to luminance (lightness).
6.3 Applicator—A15-in.long(381mm)threadedrod, ⁄8in.
*
3.2.2 a —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
(9.5 mm) in diameter with 16 threads/in. (25.4 mm) to be used
coordinate relating to redness/greenness.
for application of adhesive.
*
3.2.3 b —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
6.4 Oven—Hot air recirculating oven.
coordinate relating to blueness/yellowness.
6.5 Test Chamber—AUVcondensation-typecabinet meet-
*
3.2.4 DE —the magnitude of the difference.
ab
ing the requirements of Practice G53.
* * *
3.2.5 DL , Da , D b —the CIELAB color differences as
6.5.1 Lamps—UVA-351 lamps.
described by the magnitude and algebraic signs of the compo-
nents, and giving the following approximate meanings (3):
7. Reagents and Materials
*
3.2.5.1 +DL —lighter.
7.1 Adhesives—Construction and flooring adhesives used
*
3.2.5.2 −DL —darker.
forinstallationofresidentialvinylfloorcovering(bothfeltand
*
3.2.5.3 +Da —redder (less green).
vinyl backed).
*
3.2.5.4 −Da —greener (less red).
7.2 Aluminum Foil—To be used for wrapping test speci-
*
3.2.5.5 +Db —yellower (less blue).
mens.
*
3.2.5.6 −Db —bluer (less yellow).
7.3 Solvents—Those necessary for clean-up.
3.2.6 x, y, z—the chromaticity coordinates in the CIE
system of color specification.
8. Test Specimens
3.2.7 X, Y, Z—the CIE 1931 tristimulus values.
8.1 Size of Specimens—Unless otherwise specified, speci-
men shall be 3 by 6 in. (75 by 150 mm).
4. Summary of Test Method
8.2 Color of Specimens—The specimens shall be a light-
4.1 The differences in color between a reference and test
colored(preferablywhite)floorcovering.Greatestprecisionof
specimenaredeterminedwithaspectrophotometerorcolorim-
color difference is obtained when reading the smoothest,
eter.Reflectancereadingsaremadewhichinturnareconverted
unpatterned area of flooring surface. Special attention is
by computations to color-scale values. These reflectance read-
required to be certain that like areas of all specimens are read.
ings may be automatically converted and computed by a
computer with the appropriate software program connected to
the spectrophotometer or colorimeter.
Cabinet available fr
...
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