ASTM D5215-93(1999)

Standard Test Method for Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by Adhesives

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures and instrumentation for accurately measuring the degree of staining that may occur in vinyl flooring as a result of its contact with adhesives. Measured color differences between vinyl flooring specimens contacting the adhesive and not contacting the adhesive are expressed in the CIELAB Color-Scale System.
1.2 This test method provides for visual evaluation of staining which may occur when vinyl flooring contacts adhesives.
1.3 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The SI values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-1999
• ICS: 97.150 - Floor coverings
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.70 - Construction Adhesives

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5215-93(2005) - Standard Test Method for Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by Adhesives
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5215 – 93 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by
Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 chromaticity coordinates, n—the ratio of each of the
tristimulus values of a psychophysical color to the sum of the
1.1 This test method describes procedures and instrumenta-
tristimulus values (see Terminology E284).
tion for accurately measuring the degree of staining that may
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Chromaticity coordinates in the CIE
occur in vinyl flooring as a result of its contact with adhesives.
system of color specification are designated by x, y, and z.
Measured color differences between vinyl flooring specimens
* * *
3.1.2 CIE 1976 L a b uniform color space, CIELAB, (1,
contacting the adhesive and not contacting the adhesive are
2) , n—anapproximatelyuniformcolorspace,thatisproduced
expressed in the CIELAB Color-Scale System.
* * *
by plotting in rectangular coordinates the quantities L , a , b ,
1.2 This test method provides for visual evaluation of
from which the total difference between two colors may be
staining which may occur when vinyl flooring contacts adhe-
calculated.
sives.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The abbreviation CIELAB is recom-
1.3 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
mended.
standard.TheSIvaluesinparenthesesareforinformationonly.
3.1.3 color difference, n— as visually perceived, the mag-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nitude and character of the difference between two colors
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
describedbysuchtermsasredder,bluer,lighter,darker,grayer,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
or cleaner (see Terminology E284).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 color difference, n— as computed, the magnitude and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
direction of the difference between two psychophysical color
2. Referenced Documents
stimuli and their components computed from tristimulus val-
ues, or by chromaticity coordinates and luminance factor, by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
means of a specified set of color-difference equations (see
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
Terminology E284).
D2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
3.1.5 CIELAB color difference equation, n (1, 2)—the total
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
*
difference DE between two colors, each given in terms of
E284 Terminology of Appearance ab
* * *
L , a , b , calculated as follows:
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
* *2 *2 *2 ½
surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry
D E 5 ~DL 1Da 1Db ! (1)
ab
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
*
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The magnitude, DE , gives no indi-
3 ab8
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional Geometry
cation of the character of the difference since it does not
G53 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure
indicate the relative quantity and direction of the hue, satura-
Apparatus(FluorescentUV-CondensationType)forExpo-
tion, and lightness differences. The CIELAB color differences
sure of Nonmetallic Materials
are uniformly 1.1 times Adams-Nickerson (AN40) color dif-
ferences.
3. Terminology
3.1.5.2 Discussion—The direction of the color difference is
3.1 Definitions:
described by the magnitude and algebraic signs of the compo-
* * *
nents DL , Da , D b as follows:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on
* * *
DL 5 L 2 L (2)
1 0
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construction
* * *
Adhesives.
Da 5 a 2 a (3)
1 0
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1993. Published May 1993. Originally
published as D5215–91. Last previous edition D5215–91.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5215
* * *
between exposed specimens are accurately measured. There-
Db 5 b 2 b (4)
1 0
* * * * * fore, instrumental evaluation rather than personal subjective
where L ,a ,andb refertothereference,and L ,a ,and
0 0 0 1 1
* evaluation is used to determine the amount of discoloration an
b refer to the test specimen.
adhesive may produce in vinyl flooring. This test method does
3.1.6 directional optical measuring system, n—an optical
not attempt to simulate or duplicate the heat and sunlight
system for measuring the reflecting or transmitting properties
conditions that may impact vinyl floor coverings while in
of specimens, in which the illuminator and receiver each
service.
subtend small angles at the specimen surface.
3.1.7 luminance factor, n—the ratio of the luminance of a
6. Apparatus
specimen to that of a perfect diffuser, when illuminated and
6.1 Instrumentation for Color Readings—a colorimeter or
viewed under specified geometric conditions (seeTerminology
spectrophotometer that measures color coordinates as de-
E284).
scribed in Test Methods E1347 and E1349.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—IntheCIE1931system,theluminance
6.1.1 Scale—CIELAB Color-Scale System.
factor is tristimulus factor Y.
6.1.2 Illuminant—D65 illuminant or equivalent.
3.1.8 CIE tristimulus values, n—theamountsofthreespeci-
6.1.3 Standard Observer—2 or 10°.
fiedstimulirequiredtomatchacolor(seeTerminologyE284).
6.1.4 Viewpoint Diameter—Equal to or less than 1.0 in. (25
3.1.8.1 Discussion—In the CIE system, they are assigned
mm).
the symbols X, Y, and Z.
6.1.5 Bidirectional Geometry—45°/0° (45° circumferential
3.2 Symbols:
illumination/0° viewing).
*
3.2.1 L —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
6.2 Spatula—Unspecified size.
coordinate relating to luminance (lightness).
6.3 Applicator—A15-in.long(381mm)threadedrod, ⁄8in.
*
3.2.2 a —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
(9.5 mm) in diameter with 16 threads/in. (25.4 mm) to be used
coordinate relating to redness/greenness.
for application of adhesive.
*
3.2.3 b —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
6.4 Oven—Hot air recirculating oven.
coordinate relating to blueness/yellowness.
6.5 Test Chamber— A UV condensation-type cabinet
*
3.2.4 DE —the magnitude of the difference.
ab
* * * meeting the requirements of Practice G53.
3.2.5 DL , Da , D b —the CIELAB color differences as
6.5.1 Lamps—UVA-351 lamps.
described by the magnitude and algebraic signs of the compo-
nents, and giving the following approximate meanings (3):
7. Reagents and Materials
*
3.2.5.1 +DL —lighter.
*
7.1 Adhesives—Construction and flooring adhesives used
3.2.5.2 −DL —darker.
*
forinstallationofresidentialvinylfloorcovering(bothfeltand
3.2.5.3 +Da —redder (less green).
*
vinyl backed).
3.2.5.4 −Da —greener (less red).
*
7.2 Aluminum Foil— To be used for wrapping test speci-
3.2.5.5 +Db —yellower (less blue).
*
mens.
3.2.5.6 −Db —bluer (less yellow).
7.3 Solvents—Those necessary for clean-up.
3.2.6 x, y, z—the chromaticity coordinates in the CIE
system of color specification.
8. Test Specimens
3.2.7 X, Y, Z—the CIE 1931 tristimulus values.
8.1 Size of Specimens—Unless otherwise specified, speci-
4. Summary of Test Method
men shall be 3 by 6 in. (75 by 150 mm).
8.2 Color of Specimens—The specimens shall be a light-
4.1 The differences in color between a reference and test
colored(preferablywhite)floorcovering.Greatestprecisionof
specimenaredeterminedwithaspectrophotometerorcolorim-
color difference is obtained when reading the smoothest,
eter.Reflectancereadingsaremadewhichinturnareconverted
unpatterned area of flooring surface. Special attention is
by computations to color-scale values. These reflectance read-
required to be certain that like areas of all specimens are read.
ings may be automatically converted and computed by a
8.3 Number of Specimens—Preparethreecontrolspecimens
computer with the appropriate software program connected to
with no adhesive, and three specimens for each adhesive to be
the spectrophotometer or colorimeter.
evaluated (see Fig. 1).
4.2 Specimens are heat aged at 140 6 5°F (606 3°C) for
8.3.1 In addition, retaina3by6in.(75by150mm) piece
seven days.
of flooring for visual evaluation. Wrap this sample in alumi-
4.3 Specimens are exposed to ultraviolet light for 48 h.
num foil.
5. Significance and Use
9. Procedure
5.1 Certainsubstancesinadhesivesmaycausediscoloration
of vinyl flooring. This test method provides a means of 9.1 Cut specimens of flooring as described in Section 8.
measuring the discolor
...