ASTM D5215-93(2021)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by Adhesives
Standard Test Method for Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by Adhesives
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Certain substances in adhesives may cause discoloration of vinyl flooring. This test method provides a means of measuring the discolorations that may occur in the vinyl as a result of contact with these adhesives. Vinyl flooring specimens, either contacting or not contacting the adhesive, are exposed to heat and UVA light to accelerate discoloration. By means of colorimeter or spectrophotometer, color differences between exposed specimens are accurately measured. Therefore, instrumental evaluation rather than personal subjective evaluation is used to determine the amount of discoloration an adhesive may produce in vinyl flooring. This test method does not attempt to simulate or duplicate the heat and sunlight conditions that may impact vinyl floor coverings while in service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures and instrumentation for accurately measuring the degree of staining that may occur in vinyl flooring as a result of its contact with adhesives. Measured color differences between vinyl flooring specimens contacting the adhesive and not contacting the adhesive are expressed in the CIELAB Color-Scale System.
1.2 This test method provides for visual evaluation of staining which may occur when vinyl flooring contacts adhesives.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5215 − 93 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Test Method for
Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by
Adhesives
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5215; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E284Terminology of Appearance
E1347Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
1.1 This test method describes procedures and instrumenta-
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
tion for accurately measuring the degree of staining that may
E1349Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
occur in vinyl flooring as a result of its contact with adhesives.
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
Measured color differences between vinyl flooring specimens
Geometry
contacting the adhesive and not contacting the adhesive are
G53Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Ap-
expressed in the CIELAB Color-Scale System.
paratus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Expo-
1.2 This test method provides for visual evaluation of 3
sure of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)
staining which may occur when vinyl flooring contacts adhe-
sives.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 3.1 Definitions:
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.1 chromaticity coordinates, n—the ratio of each of the
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only tristimulus values of a psychophysical color to the sum of the
and are not considered standard.
tristimulus values (see Terminology E284).
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Chromaticity coordinates in the CIE
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
system of color specification are designated by x, y, and z.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
* * *
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.2 CIE 1976 L a b uniform color space, CIELAB, (1,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 2) , n—anapproximatelyuniformcolorspace,thatisproduced
* * *
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. by plotting in rectangular coordinates the quantities L , a , b ,
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- from which the total difference between two colors may be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
calculated.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 3.1.2.1 Discussion—The abbreviation CIELAB is recom-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mended.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.3 color difference, n—as visually perceived, the magni-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tude and character of the difference between two colors
describedbysuchtermsasredder,bluer,lighter,darker,grayer,
2. Referenced Documents
or cleaner (see Terminology E284).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 color difference, n—as computed, the magnitude and
D907Terminology of Adhesives
direction of the difference between two psychophysical color
D2244Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
stimuli and their components computed from tristimulus
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
values, or by chromaticity coordinates and luminance factor,
Coordinates
by means of a specified set of color-difference equations (see
Terminology E284).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on
3.1.5 CIELAB color difference equation, n (1, 2)—the total
Adhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.70 on Construction
* *
difference∆E betweentwocolors,eachgivenintermsofL ,
ab
Adhesives.
* *
a , b , calculated as follows:
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2021. Published January 2021. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5215–93(2012).
DOI: 10.1520/D5215-93R21.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5215 − 93 (2021)
* *2 *2 *2 by computations to color-scale values. These reflectance read-
∆ E 5 ~∆L 1∆a 1∆b !2 (1)
ab
*
ings may be automatically converted and computed by a
3.1.5.1 Discussion—The magnitude, ∆E , gives no indi-
ab'
computer with the appropriate software program connected to
cation of the character of the difference since it does not
the spectrophotometer or colorimeter.
indicate the relative quantity and direction of the hue,
saturation, and lightness differences. The CIELAB color dif-
4.2 Specimens are heat aged at 140 6 5°F (60 6 3°C) for
ferences are uniformly 1.1 times Adams-Nickerson (AN40)
seven days.
color differences.
4.3 Specimens are exposed to ultraviolet light for 48 h.
3.1.5.2 Discussion—The direction of the color difference is
described by the magnitude and algebraic signs of the compo-
5. Significance and Use
* * *
nents ∆L , ∆a , ∆b as follows:
5.1 Certainsubstancesinadhesivesmaycausediscoloration
* * *
∆L 5 L 2 L (2)
1 0
of vinyl flooring. This test method provides a means of
* * *
∆a 5 a 2 a (3)
measuring the discolorations that may occur in the vinyl as a
1 0
* * * result of contact with these adhesives. Vinyl flooring
∆b 5 b 2 b (4)
1 0
* * * * *
specimens,eithercontactingornotcontactingtheadhesive,are
where L ,a , and b refer to the reference, and L ,a ,
0 0 0 1 1
*
and b refer to the test specimen. exposed to heat and UVA light to accelerate discoloration. By
means of colorimeter or spectrophotometer, color differences
3.1.6 directional optical measuring system, n—an optical
between exposed specimens are accurately measured.
system for measuring the reflecting or transmitting properties
Therefore,instrumentalevaluationratherthanpersonalsubjec-
of specimens, in which the illuminator and receiver each
tiveevaluationisusedtodeterminetheamountofdiscoloration
subtend small angles at the specimen surface.
an adhesive may produce in vinyl flooring. This test method
3.1.7 luminance factor, n—the ratio of the luminance of a
does not attempt to simulate or duplicate the heat and sunlight
specimen to that of a perfect diffuser, when illuminated and
conditions that may impact vinyl floor coverings while in
viewed under specified geometric conditions (seeTerminology
service.
E284).
3.1.7.1 Discussion—In the CIE 1931 system, the luminance
6. Apparatus
factor is tristimulus factor Y.
6.1 Instrumentation for Color Readings—A colorimeter or
3.1.8 CIE tristimulus values, n—the amounts of three speci-
spectrophotometer that measures color coordinates as de-
fied stimuli required to match a color (seeTerminology E284).
scribed in Test Methods E1347 and E1349.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—In the CIE system, they are assigned
6.1.1 Scale—CIELAB Color-Scale System.
the symbols X, Y, and Z.
6.1.2 Illuminant—D65 illuminant or equivalent.
3.2 Symbols:
6.1.3 Standard Observer—2 or 10°.
*
3.2.1 L —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
6.1.4 Viewpoint Diameter—Equal to or less than 1.0 in. (25
coordinate relating to luminance (lightness).
mm).
*
6.1.5 Bidirectional Geometry—45°/0° (45° circumferential
3.2.2 a —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
illumination/0° viewing).
coordinate relating to redness/greenness.
*
6.2 Spatula—Unspecified size.
3.2.3 b —an individual CIELAB color (opponent-color)
coordinate relating to blueness/yellowness.
6.3 Applicator—A15-in.long(381mm)threadedrod, ⁄8in.
*
(9.5 mm) in diameter with 16 threads/in. (25.4 mm) to be used
3.2.4 ∆E —the magnitude of the difference.
ab
* * *
for application of adhesive.
3.2.5 ∆L , ∆a , ∆ b —the CIELAB color differences as
described by the magnitude and algebraic signs of the
6.4 Oven—Hot air recirculating oven.
components, and giving the following approximate meanings
6.5 Test Chamber—AUVcondensation-type cabinet meet-
(3):
ing the requirements of Practice G53.
*
3.2.5.1 +∆L —lighter.
6.5.1 Lamps—UVA-351 lamps.
*
3.2.5.2 −∆L —darker.
*
3.2.5.3 +∆a —redder (less green).
7. Reagents and Materials
*
3.2.5.4 −∆a —greener (less red).
* 7.1 Adhesives—Construction and flooring adhesives used
3.2.5.5 +∆b —yellower (less blue).
forinstallationofresidentialvinylfloorcovering(bothfeltand
*
3.2.5.6 −∆b —bluer (less yellow).
vinyl backed).
3.2.6 x, y, z—thechromaticitycoordinatesintheCIEsystem
7.2 Aluminum Foil—To be used for wrapping test speci-
of color specification.
mens.
3.2.7 X, Y, Z—the CIE 1931 tristimulus values.
7.3 Solvents—Those necessary for clean-up.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The differences in color between a reference and test
Cabinet available from Q. Panel Co., 26200 First St., Cleveland, OH 44145 or
specimenaredeterminedwithaspectrophotometerorcolorim-
Atlas Electrical Devices Co., 4114 N. Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, IL 60613 has
eter.Reflectancereadingsaremadewhichinturnarec
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.