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ASTM E317-21

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments

Standard Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice describes procedures applicable to both shop and field conditions. More comprehensive or precise measurements of the characteristics of complete systems and their components will generally require laboratory techniques and electronic equipment such as oscilloscopes and signal generators. Substitution of these methods is not precluded where appropriate; however, their usage is not within the scope of this practice.  
5.2 This document does not establish system acceptance limits, nor is it intended as a comprehensive equipment specification.  
5.3 While several important characteristics are included, others of possible significance in some applications are not covered.  
5.4 Since the parameters to be evaluated and the applicable test conditions must be specified, this practice shall be prescribed only by those familiar with ultrasonic NDT technology and the required tests shall be performed either by such a qualified person or under his supervision.  
5.5 Implementation may require more detailed procedural instructions in the format of the using facility.  
5.6 In the case of evaluation of a complete system, selection of the specific tests to be made should be done cautiously; if the related parameters are not critical in the intended application, then their inclusion may be unjustified. For example, vertical linearity may be irrelevant for a go/no-go test with a flaw gate alarm, while horizontal linearity might be required only for accurate flaw-depth or thickness measurement from the display screen.  
5.7 No frequency of system evaluation or calibration is recommended or implied. This is the prerogative of the using parties and is dependent on application, environment, and stability of equipment.  
5.8 Certain sections are applicable only to instruments having receiver gain controls calibrated in decibels (dB). While these may sometimes be designated “gain,” “attenuator,” or “sensitivity” on various instruments, the term “gain controls” wil...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for evaluating the following performance characteristics of ultrasonic pulse-echo examination instruments and systems: Horizontal Limit and Linearity; Vertical Limit and Linearity; Resolution - Entry Surface and Far Surface; Sensitivity and Noise; Accuracy of Calibrated Gain Controls. Evaluation of these characteristics is intended to be used for comparing instruments and systems or, by periodic repetition, for detecting long-term changes in the characteristics of a given instrument or system that may be indicative of impending failure, and which, if beyond certain limits, will require corrective maintenance. Instrument characteristics measured in accordance with this practice are expressed in terms that relate to their potential usefulness for ultrasonic testing. Instrument characteristics expressed in purely electronic terms may be measured as described in Guide E1324.  
1.2 Ultrasonic examination systems using pulsed-wave trains and A-scan presentation (rf or video) may be evaluated.  
1.3 The procedures are applicable to shop or field conditions; additional electronic measurement instrumentation is not required.  
1.4 This practice establishes no performance limits for examination systems; if such acceptance criteria are required, these must be specified by the using parties. Where acceptance criteria are implied herein, they are for example only and are subject to more or less restrictive limits imposed by customer's and end user's controlling documents.  
1.5 The specific parameters to be evaluated, conditions and frequency of test, and report data required must also be determined by the user.  
1.6 This practice may be used for the evaluation of a complete examination system, including search unit, instrument, interconnections, fixtures and connected alarm and auxiliary devices, primarily in cases where such a system is used repetitively without change or substitution. T...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2021
ICS
19.100 - Non-destructive testing
Technical Committee
E07 - Nondestructive Testing
Drafting Committee
E07.06 - Ultrasonic Method
Current Stage
Ref Project

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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E317 − 21
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-
Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the Use of
1
Electronic Measurement Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 The specific parameters to be evaluated, conditions and
frequency of test, and report data required must also be
1.1 This practice describes procedures for evaluating the
determined by the user.
following performance characteristics of ultrasonic pulse-echo
1.6 This practice may be used for the evaluation of a
examination instruments and systems: Horizontal Limit and
Linearity; Vertical Limit and Linearity; Resolution - Entry complete examination system, including search unit,
instrument, interconnections, fixtures and connected alarm and
Surface and Far Surface; Sensitivity and Noise; Accuracy of
Calibrated Gain Controls. Evaluation of these characteristics is auxiliary devices, primarily in cases where such a system is
used repetitively without change or substitution. This practice
intended to be used for comparing instruments and systems or,
by periodic repetition, for detecting long-term changes in the is not intended to be used as a substitute for calibration or
standardizationofaninstrumentorsystemtoinspectanygiven
characteristics of a given instrument or system that may be
indicative of impending failure, and which, if beyond certain material. There are limitations to the use of standard reference
2
blocks for that purpose.
limits, will require corrective maintenance. Instrument charac-
teristics measured in accordance with this practice are ex-
1.7 Requiredtestapparatusincludesselectedtestblocksand
pressed in terms that relate to their potential usefulness for
a precision external attenuator (where specified) in addition to
ultrasonic testing. Instrument characteristics expressed in
the instrument or system to be evaluated.
purelyelectronictermsmaybemeasuredasdescribedinGuide
1.8 Precautions relating to the applicability of the proce-
E1324.
dures and interpretation of the results are included.
1.2 Ultrasonic examination systems using pulsed-wave
1.9 Alternateprocedures,suchasexamplesdescribedinthis
trains and A-scan presentation (rf or video) may be evaluated.
document,orothers,mayonlybeusedwithcustomerapproval.
1.3 The procedures are applicable to shop or field condi-
1.10 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
tions; additional electronic measurement instrumentation is not
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
required.
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
1.4 This practice establishes no performance limits for
information only and are not considered standard.
examination systems; if such acceptance criteria are required,
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the
these must be specified by the using parties. Where acceptance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
criteria are implied herein, they are for example only and are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
subjecttomoreorlessrestrictivelimitsimposedbycustomer’s
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
and end user’s controlling documents.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.12 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on
Ultrasonic Method.
2
Current edition approved June 1, 2021. Published June 2021. Originally Beck, K. H., “Limitations to the Use of Reference Blocks for Periodic and
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E317 – 16. DOI: Preinspection Calibration of Ultrasonic Inspection Instruments and Systems,”
10.1520/E0317-21. Materials Evaluation, Vol 57, No. 3, March 1999.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E317 − 21
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E317 − 16 E317 − 21
Standard Practice for
Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-
Echo Testing Instruments and Systems without the Use of
1
Electronic Measurement Instruments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E317; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice describes procedures for evaluating the following performance characteristics of ultrasonic pulse-echo
examination instruments and systems: Horizontal Limit and Linearity; Vertical Limit and Linearity; Resolution - Entry Surface and
Far Surface; Sensitivity and Noise; Accuracy of Calibrated Gain Controls. Evaluation of these characteristics is intended to be used
for comparing instruments and systems or, by periodic repetition, for detecting long-term changes in the characteristics of a given
instrument or system that may be indicative of impending failure, and which, if beyond certain limits, will require corrective
maintenance. Instrument characteristics measured in accordance with this practice are expressed in terms that relate to their
potential usefulness for ultrasonic testing. Instrument characteristics expressed in purely electronic terms may be measured as
described in Guide E1324.
1.2 Ultrasonic examination systems using pulsed-wave trains and A-scan presentation (rf or video) may be evaluated.
1.3 The procedures are applicable to shop or field conditions; additional electronic measurement instrumentation is not required.
1.4 This practice establishes no performance limits for examination systems; if such acceptance criteria are required, these must
be specified by the using parties. Where acceptance criteria are implied herein, they are for example only and are subject to more
or less restrictive limits imposed by customer’s and end user’s controlling documents.
1.5 The specific parameters to be evaluated, conditions and frequency of test, and report data required,required must also be
determined by the user.
1.6 This practice may be used for the evaluation of a complete examination system, including search unit, instrument,
interconnections, fixtures and connected alarm and auxiliary devices, primarily in cases where such a system is used repetitively
without change or substitution. This practice is not intended to be used as a substitute for calibration or standardization of an
2
instrument or system to inspect any given material. There are limitations to the use of standard reference blocks for that purpose.
1.7 Required test apparatus includes selected test blocks and a precision external attenuator (where specified) in addition to the
instrument or system to be evaluated.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016June 1, 2021. Published June 2016June 2021. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
E317 - 11.E317 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/E0317-16.10.1520/E0317-21.
2
Beck, K. H., “Limitations to the Use of Reference Blocks for Periodic and Preinspection Calibration of Ultrasonic Inspection Instruments and Systems,” Materials
Evaluation, Vol 57, No. 3, March 1999.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E317 − 21
1.8 Precautions relating to the applicability of the procedures and interpretation of the results are included.
1.9 Alternate procedures, such as examples described in this document, or others, may only be used with customer approval.
1.10 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and de
...

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Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE) for Eddy Current (EC) Test Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer, and storage of eddy current NDE test results will use this standard. This practice defines a set of information modules that, along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standard, provide a standard means to organize eddy current test parameters and results. The eddy current examination results may be displayed or analyzed on any device that conforms to the standard. Personnel wishing to view any eddy current examination data stored according to Practice E2339 may use this document to help them decode and display the data contained in the DICONDE compliant inspection record.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the interoperability of eddy current imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying the image data transfer and archival storage in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339 on Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE). Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of NEMA PS3 / ISO 12052, an international standard for image data acquisition, review, storage, and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and a set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules, and a data dictionary that are specific to eddy current test methods.  
1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from eddy current test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the eddy current technique parameters and inspection data are communicated and stored in a standard manner regardless of changes in digital technology.  
1.3 This practice does not specify:  
1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard,  
1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance, or  
1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance.  
1.4 Units—Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2446-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 There are several factors affecting the quality of a CR image including the basic spatial resolution of the IP system, geometrical unsharpness, scatter and contrast sensitivity. There are several additional factors (for example, software and scanning parameters) that affect the accurate reading of images on exposed IPs using an optical scanner.  
4.2 This practice is to be used to establish a characterization of CR system by performance levels on the basis of a normalized SNR, interpolated basic spatial detector resolution and EPS. The CR system performance levels in this practice do not refer to any particular manufacturers’ imaging plates. A CR system performance level results from the use of a particular imaging plate together with the exposure conditions, standardized phantom, the scanner type, and software and the scanning parameters. This characterization system provides a means to compare differing CR technologies, as is common practice with film systems, which guides the user to the appropriate configuration, IP, and technique for the application at hand. The performance level selected may not match the imaging performance of a corresponding film class because of the difference in the spatial resolution and scatter sensitivity. Therefore, the user should always use IQIs for proof of contrast sensitivity and basic spatial resolution.  
4.3 The measured performance parameters are presented in a characterization chart. This enables users to select specific CR systems by the different characterization data to find the best system for his specific application.  
4.4 The quality factors can be determined most accurately by the tests described in this practice. Some of the system tests require special tools, which may not be available in user laboratories. Simpler tests are described for quality assurance and long term stability tests in Practice E2445.  
4.5 Manufacturers of industrial CR systems or certification agencies will use this practice. Users of i...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the manufacturing characterization of computed radiography (CR) systems, consisting of a particular phosphor imaging plate (IP), scanner, software, scanner operational parameters, and an image display monitor, in combination with specified metal screens for industrial radiography.  
1.2 The practice defines system tests to be used to characterize the systems of different suppliers and make them comparable for users.  
1.3 This practice is intended for use by manufacturers of CR systems or certification agencies to provide quantitative results of CR system characteristics for nondestructive testing (NDT) user or purchaser consumption. Some of these tests require specialized test phantoms to ensure consistency of results among suppliers or manufacturers. These tests are not intended for users to complete, nor are they intended for long term stability tracking and lifetime measurements. However, they may be used for this purpose, if so desired. Practice E2445 describes tests which are intended for users to observe the CR performance and test the long term stability.  
1.4 The CR system performance is described by the basic spatial resolution, contrast, signal and noise parameters, and the equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS). Some of these parameters are used to compare with DDA characterization and film characterization data (see Practice E2597 and Test Method E1815).
Note 1: For film system characterization, the signal is represented by the optical density of 2 (above fog and base) and the noise as granularity. The signal-to-noise ratio is normalized by the aperture (similar to the basic spatial resolution) of the system and is part of characterization. This normalization is given by the scanning circular aperture of 100 µm of the micro-photometer, which is defined in Test Method E1815 for film system characterization.  
1.5 The measurement of CR systems in this practice is restricted ...

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ASTM
ASTM E3388-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Image Unsharpness and Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radioscopy for High Energy Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The gauge is intended to provide a means for measuring image or detector unsharpness and basic spatial image or detector resolution as independently as practicable from the imaging system and contrast sensitivity limitations. When the duplex plate gauge is positioned directly on the film or the digital detector instead on the test object, then the determined image unsharpness UIm corresponds to the inherent film or detector unsharpness (Udetector) and the determined basic spatial image resolution SRbimage corresponds to the basic spatial detector resolution SRbdetector. SRbimage provides a value which depends on the combined effect of detector unsharpness and geometric unsharpness.  
5.2 Basis of Application:  
5.2.1 The following items are subject to contractual agreement between the parties using or referencing this standard.
5.2.1.1 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations to this practice shall be qualified in accordance with NAS410, EN 4179, ANSI/ASNT CP 189, ISO 9712, or SNT-TC-1A and certified by the employer or certifying agency as applicable. Other equivalent qualification documents may be used when specified on the contract or purchase order. The applicable revision shall be the latest unless otherwise specified in the contractual agreement between parties.
5.2.1.2 If specified in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated as described in Specification E543. The applicable edition of Specification E543 shall be specified in the contract.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the design and basic use of a gauge used to determine the image unsharpness and the basic spatial resolution of film radiographs or of digital images taken with CR imaging plates, digital detector arrays (DDA), or radioscopic systems (for example, with X-ray image intensifiers) for applications with Se-75, Ir-192, Co-60 and high energy sources with tube potentials ≥ 300 kV. The IQI may be used at lower tube potentials too, if the expected unsharpness is > 200 µm (SRbimage or SRbdetector > 100 µm). For the measurement of lower unsharpness values, the usage of the gauge described in Practice E2002 is recommended.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to radiographic and radioscopic imaging systems utilizing X-ray and gamma ray radiation sources.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 The gauge described can be used effectively if the duplex wire IQI of Practice E2002 does not provide sufficient contrast resolution.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1254-13(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial Radiographic Films

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The provisions of this guide are intended to control the quality of industrial radiographs and unexposed films only and are not intended for controlling the acceptability of the materials or products radiographed. It is further intended that this guide be used as an adjunct to Guide E94.  
3.2 The necessity for applying specific control procedures such as those described in this guide is dependent to a certain extent, on the degree to which a user adheres to good processing and storage practices as a matter of routine procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide may be used for the control and maintenance of industrial radiographs and unexposed films used for industrial radiography.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: For information purposes, refer to Terminology E1316. The terms stated therein, however, are not specifically referenced in the text of this document.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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