ASTM D8049-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
Standard Test Method for Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of fuels identified in the scope.
5.2 Detection of particles and water can indicate degradation of the fuel condition. Particles, whether inorganic or organic, can cause fouling of fuel filters and damage pumps, injectors, and pistons. Knowledge of particle size in relation to metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of the solid particles are known from other sources.
Note 3: The method includes the detection of water, solids, and air bubbles. The air bubbles are screened out of the data prior to analysis of results, based on shape and transparency, and are not reported in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.
Note 1: Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
Note 2: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D8049 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
1
Fuels by Direct Imaging Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
rangefrom4 µmto100 µmandinsizebandsof≥4 µm,≥6 µm,
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter
and ≥14 µm.
Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
NOTE 1—Particle size data from 0.7 µm through 300 µm is available for
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Auto-
use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and
matic Particle Counters for Liquids
4
is not a reporting requirement.
2.3 MIL Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Missile and Ordinance
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology D4175.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
wall ring due to the diffraction of light around and through
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
them.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to the diffraction of light around and through them.
3.2.3 major particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two-
2. Referenced Documents
dimensional length of the particle measured.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.4 minor particle diameter µm, n—the maximum two-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
dimensional length of the particle measured perpendicular to
Petroleum Products
the major particle diameter.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
3.2.5 particle, n—non-liquid, non-gaseous, solid objects in
Fuels, and Lubricants
the fuel.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved
in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D8049 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/
D8049-19.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, Document
the ASTM website. Services website at http://quicksearch.dla.mil
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D8049 − 19
3.2.6 projected equivalent particle diameter µm, n—the found to be suitable, along with a nominal 19 mm or larger
diameter calculated from the projected area of a particle if that opening in the top lid for installation of a tube manifold
area formed a circle, and in equation form is: assembly to allow fuel transfer to the instrument and air into
the epoxy-lined container for venting.
Projected Equivalent Particl
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8049 − 17 D8049 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Determining Concentration, Count, and Size Distribution of
Solid Particles and Water in Light and Middle Distillate
1
Fuels by Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging particle analyzer (DIPA) to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid
particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm,
≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.
NOTE 1—Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.
NOTE 2—Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 12103-1 Road Vehicles—Test Contaminants for Filter Evaluation—Part 1: Arizona Test Dust
ISO 11171 Hydraulic Fluid Power—Calibration of Automatic Particle Counters for Liquids
4
2.3 MIL Standard:
MIL-PRF-5606 Hydraulic Fluid, Petroleum Base; Aircraft, Missile and Ordinance
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4175.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 air bubble, n—non-fuel, gaseous formations within the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a heavy wall ring
due to the diffraction of light around and through them.
3.2.2 droplet, n—non-fuel liquid formations within the fuel, generally spherical in shape and visible as a thin wall ring due to
the diffraction of light around and through them.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on on Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved May 1, 2017May 1, 2019. Published July 2017July 2019. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
D8049 – 16a.D8049 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D8049-17.10.1520/D8049-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
For referenced MIL standards, visit the Defense Logistics Agency, Document Services website at http://quicksearch.dla.mil
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8049 − 19
3.2.3 major particle diameter μm, n—the maximum two-dimensional length of the particle measured.
3.2.4 minor particle diameter μm, n—the maximum two-dimensional length of the particle measured perpendicular to the major
particle diameter.
3.2.5 particle, n—non-liquid, non-gaseous, solid objects in the fuel.
2
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