ASTM E2191-08
(Test Method)Standard Practice for Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
Standard Practice for Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
p>Due to safety considerations, the Compressed Gas Association (CGA) and others have produced guidelines which address in-service inspection of NGV fuel containers (see 2.2-2.4). AE examination is listed as an alternative to the minimum three-year visual examination which generally requires that the container be removed from the vehicle to expose the entire container surface. The AE method allows “in-situ” examination of the container.
Slow-fill pressurization must proceed at flow rates that do not produce background noise from flow of the pressurizing medium. Acoustic emission data are recorded throughout a pressurization range (that is, 50 % to 100 % of AE examination pressure).
Fast-fill pressurization can be used if hold periods are provided. Acoustic emission data are recorded only during the hold periods.
Note 1—Fast-fill pressurization is less appropriate for carbon (or graphite) composites due to the lower sensitivity of carbon fibers to stress rupture compared to other fibers.
Background noise above the threshold will contaminate the AE data and render them useless. Users must be aware of the following common causes of background noise: high fill rate (measurable flow noise); mechanical contact with the vessel by objects; electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) from nearby broadcasting facilities and from other sources; leaks at pipe or hose connections and airborne particles, insects, rain and snow. This practice should not be used if background noise cannot be eliminated or controlled.
5.2 Sensitivity is influenced by factors that affect elastic wave propagation, sensor coupling and signal processor settings.
5.3 It is possible to measure AE from AE sources that cannot be verified by other NDE methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examination of filament-wound composite pressure vessels, for example, the type used for fuel tanks in vehicles which use natural gas fuel.
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level equal to or greater than what is encountered in normal use. The tanks' pressurization history must be known in order to use this practice. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
1.3 This practice is limited to vessels designed for less than 5000 psi (340 bar) maximum allowable working pressure and water volume less than 2.5 ft3 (0.07 m3).
1.4 AE measurements are used to detect emission sources. Other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods may be used to gain additional insight into the emission source. Procedures for other NDE methods are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.5 This practice applies to examination of new and in-service filament-wound composite pressure vessels.
1.6 This practice applies to examinations conducted at ambient temperatures above 70°F (21°C). This practice may be used at ambient temperatures below 70°F if provision has been made to fill to the tank's rated pressure at 70°F.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units which are in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
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Designation:E2191–08
Standard Practice for
Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite
1
Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission 2.1 ASTM Standards:
(AE) examination of filament-wound composite pressure ves- E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestruc-
sels,forexample,thetypeusedforfueltanksinvehicleswhich tive Testing
use natural gas fuel. E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
1.2 This practice requires pressurization to a level equal to Sensors
or greater than what is encountered in normal use. The tanks’ E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility ofAcous-
pressurization history must be known in order to use this tic Emission Sensor Response
practice. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid. E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1.3 This practice is limited to vessels designed for less than E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
5000 psi (340 bar) maximum allowable working pressure and Verification
3 3
water volume less than 2.5 ft (0.07 m ). 2.2 Natural Gas Vehicle Standard:
1.4 AE measurements are used to detect emission sources. American National Standard for Basic Requirements for
Other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods may be Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) Fuel
3
used to gain additional insight into the emission source. Containers ANSI/AGA/NGV2
Procedures for other NDE methods are beyond the scope of 2.3 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
this practice. Pamphlet C-6.4, Methods for Visual Inspection of AGA
4
1.5 This practice applies to examination of new and in- NGV2 Containers
service filament-wound composite pressure vessels. 2.4 U.S. Department of Transportation Reference:
1.6 This practice applies to examinations conducted at NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 304,
5
ambienttemperaturesabove70°F(21°C).Thispracticemaybe March 27, 1995
used at ambient temperatures below 70°F if provision has been 2.5 ASNT Standards:
made to fill to the tank’s rated pressure at 70°F. ANSI/ASNT CP-189, Standard for Qualification and Cer-
6
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded tification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
as the standard. SI units which are in parentheses are for SNT-TC-1A, Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
6
information only. Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
the ASTM website.
3
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http://www.cganet.com.
5
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
Acoustic Emission Method. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally www.dodssp.daps.mil.
6
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E2191 - 02. DOI: AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
10.1520/E2191-08. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E2191–08
3. Terminology 5.1.1 Slow-fillpressurizationmustproceedatflowratesthat
do not produce background noise from flow of the pressurizing
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E1316 for general termi-
medium. Acoustic emission data are recorded throughout a
nology applicable to this practice.
pressurizationrange(thatis,50 %to100 %ofAEexamination
3.2 Definitions of Term
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2191–02
Standard Test Method for Designation:E2191–08
Standard Practice for
Examination of Gas-Filled Filament-Wound Composite
1
Pressure Vessels Using Acoustic Emission
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2191; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examination of filament-wound composite
pressure vessels, for example, the type used for fuel tanks in vehicles which use natural gas fuel.
1.2 This test method practice requires pressurization to a level equal to or greater than what is encountered in normal use. The
tanks’ pressurization history must be known in order to use this test method. practice. Pressurization medium may be gas or liquid.
1.3 This test method practice is limited to vessels designed for less than 100005000 psi (689(340 bar) maximum allowable
3 3
working pressure and water volume less than 2.5 ft (0.07 m ).
1.4 AE measurements are used to detect emission sources. Other nondestructive examination (NDE) methods may be used to
evaluate the significance of AE sources. gain additional insight into the emission source. Procedures for other NDE methods are
beyond the scope of this test method. practice.
1.5 This test method practice applies to examination of new and in-service filament-wound composite pressure vessels.
1.6 This test method practice applies to examinations conducted at ambient temperatures above 70°F (21°C). This test
methodpractice may be used at ambient temperatures below 70°F if provision has been made to fill to the tank’s rated pressure
at 70°F.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units which are in parentheses are for
information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E 543Practice Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E 650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E 976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
2
E 1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E 2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
2.2 Natural Gas Vehicle Standard:
American National Standard for Basic Requirements for Compressed Natural GasVehicle (NGV) Fuel Containers ANSI/AGA/
3
NGV2
2.3 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic
Emission Method.
Current edition approved March 10, 2002. Published May 2002.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on NondestructiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 onAcoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E2191 - 02.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 03.03.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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E2191–08
4
Pamphlet C-6.4, Methods for Visual Inspection of AGA NGV2 Containers
2.4 U.S. Department of Transportation Reference:
5
NHTSA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 304, March 27, 1995
2.5 ASNT Standards:
6
ANSI/ASNT CP-189, Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
6
SNT-TC-1A, Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—S
...
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