ASTM D1687-12

Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Hexavalent chromium salts are used extensively in metal finishing and plating applications, in anodizing aluminum, and in the manufacture of paints, dyes, explosives, and ceramics. Trivalent chromium salts are used as mordants in textile dyeing, in the ceramic and glass industry, in the leather industry as a tanning agent, and in photography. Chromium may be present in wastewater from these industries and may also be discharged from chromate-treated cooling waters.  
4.2 The hexavalent state of chromium is toxic to humans, animals, and aquatic life. It can produce lung tumors when inhaled and readily induces skin sensitization.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of hexavalent and total chromium in water. Three test methods are included as follows:
Test Method  
Concentration
Range  
Sections  
A—Photometric Diphenyl-
carbohydrazide  
0.01 to 0.5
mg/L  
7-15  
B—Atomic
Absorption, Direct  
0.1 to 10
mg/L  
16-24  
C—Atomic Absorption,
Graphite Furnace  
5 to 100
μg/L  
25-33
1.2 Test Method A is a photometric method that measures dissolved hexavalent chromium only. Test Methods B and C are atomic absorption methods that are generally applicable to the determination of dissolved or total recoverable chromium in water without regard to valence state.  
1.3 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent grade water Types I, II, and III, tap water, 10 % NaCl solution, treated water from a synthetic organic industrial plant that meets National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements, and EPA-extraction procedure leachate water, process water, lake water, effluent treatment, that is, lime neutralization and precipitation of spent pickle liquor and associated rinse water from stainless steel pickling. Test Method C has been used successfully with reagent water, stock scrubber water, lake water, filtered tap water, river water, well water, production plant water, and a condensate from a medium BTU coal gasification process. Matrices used, except for reagent water, are not available for Test Method B. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are mathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 4.2 and Note 6 and Note 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2012
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D1687-17 - Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1687 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chromium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of hexava-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
lent and total chromium in water. Three test methods are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
included as follows:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
Test Method Concentration Sections
statements, see 4.2 and Note 6 and Note 7.
Range
A—Photometric Diphenyl- 0.01 to 0.5 7-15
carbohydrazide mg/L
2. Referenced Documents
B—Atomic 0.1to10 16-24
Absorption, Direct mg/L
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C—Atomic Absorption, 5to100 25-33
Graphite Furnace µg/L D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
1.2 Test Method A is a photometric method that measures
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
dissolved hexavalent chromium only. Test Methods B and C
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
are atomic absorption methods that are generally applicable to
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the determination of dissolved or total recoverable chromium
in water without regard to valence state. D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
1.3 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
grade water Types I, II, and III, tap water, 10 % NaCl solution,
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
treated water from a synthetic organic industrial plant that
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
meets National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
(NPDES) permit requirements, and EPA-extraction procedure
D3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
leachate water, process water, lake water, effluent treatment,
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
that is, lime neutralization and precipitation of spent pickle
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
liquor and associated rinse water from stainless steel pickling.
D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by
Test Method C has been used successfully with reagent water,
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
stock scrubber water, lake water, filtered tap water, river water,
D4691 Practice for Measuring Elements in Water by Flame
well water, production plant water, and a condensate from a
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
medium BTU coal gasification process. Matrices used, except
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
for reagent water, are not available for Test Method B. It is the
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
user’sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidityofthesetestmethods
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
for waters of untested matrices.
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
each system are mathematical conversions and may not be
Materials by Spectrophotometry
exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used inde-
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of
pendently of the other.
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
2
Constituents in Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012. Published August 2007. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1959.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asD1687 – 02(2007)E01. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D1687-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1687 − 12
3. Terminology taining hypobromite, persulfate, or chlorine could oxidize
t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1687 − 02 (Reapproved 2007) D1687 − 12
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chromium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon («) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
εNOTE—The table in 1.1 and Sections 15.5, 24.5, and 33.3 were updated editorially in August 2007.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of hexavalent and total chromium in water. Three test methods are included as
follows:
Test Method Concentration Sections
Range
A—Photometric Diphenyl- 0.01 to 0.5 7-15
carbohydrazide mg/L
B—Atomic 0.1 to 10 16-24
Absorption, Direct mg/L
C—Atomic Absorption, 5 to 100 25-33
Graphite Furnace μg/L
1.2 Test Method A is a photometric method that measures dissolved hexavalent chromium only. Test Methods B and C are
atomic absorption methods that are generally applicable to the determination of dissolved or total recoverable chromium in water
without regard to valence state.
1.3 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent grade water Types I, II, and III, tap water, 10 % NaCl solution,
treated water from a synthetic organic industrial plant that meets National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit requirements, and EPA-extraction procedure leachate water, process water, lake water, effluent treatment, that is, lime
neutralization and precipitation of spent pickle liquor and associated rinse water from stainless steel pickling. Test Method C has
been used successfully with reagent water, stock scrubber water, lake water, filtered tap water, river water, well water, production
plant water, and a condensate from a medium BTU coal gasification process. Matrices used, except for reagent water, are not
available for Test Method B. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested
matrices.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system are mathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the
other.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 4.2 and Note 56 and Note 67.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3
D1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits (Withdrawn 2003)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007Sept. 1, 2012. Published August 2007. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
D1687 – 02.D1687 – 02(2007)E01. DOI: 10.1520/D1687-02R07E01.10.1520/D1687-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1687 − 12
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
D4691 Practice for Measuring Eleme
...