ASTM D1687-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water
Standard Test Methods for Chromium in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Hexavalent chromium salts are used extensively in metal finishing and plating applications, in anodizing aluminum, and in the manufacture of paints, dyes, explosives, and ceramics. Trivalent chromium salts are used as mordants in textile dyeing, in the ceramic and glass industry, in the leather industry as a tanning agent, and in photography. Chromium may be present in wastewater from these industries and may also be discharged from chromate-treated cooling waters.
4.2 The hexavalent state of chromium is toxic to humans, animals, and aquatic life. It can produce lung tumors when inhaled and readily induces skin sensitization.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of hexavalent and total chromium in water. Section 34 on Quality Control pertains to these test methods. Three test methods are included as follows:
Test Method
Concentration
Range
Sections
A—Photometric Diphenyl-
carbohydrazide
0.01 to 0.5 mg/L
7 – 15
B—Atomic Absorption,
Direct
0.1 to 10 mg/L
16 – 24
C—Atomic Absorption, Graphite
Furnace
5 to 100 μg/L
25 – 33
1.2 Test Method A is a photometric method that measures dissolved hexavalent chromium only. Hexavalent chromium can also be determined by ion chromatography, see Test Method D5257. Test Methods B and C are atomic absorption methods that are generally applicable to the determination of dissolved or total recoverable chromium in water without regard to valence state. ICP-MS or ICP-AES may also be appropriate but at a higher instrument cost. See Test Methods D5673 and D1976.
1.3 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent grade water Types I, II, and III, tap water, 10 % NaCl solution, treated water from a synthetic organic industrial plant that meets National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements, and EPA-extraction procedure leachate water, process water, lake water, effluent treatment, that is, lime neutralization and precipitation of spent pickle liquor and associated rinse water from stainless steel pickling. Test Method C has been used successfully with reagent water, stock scrubber water, lake water, filtered tap water, river water, well water, production plant water, and a condensate from a medium BTU coal gasification process. Matrices used, except for reagent water, are not available for Test Method B. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 4.2, 20.3, and 20.8.1.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1687 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chromium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of hexava-
conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
lent and total chromium in water. Section 34 on Quality
tion only and are not considered standard.
Control pertains to these test methods. Three test methods are
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
included as follows:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Concentration
Test Method Sections
Range responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
A—Photometric Diphenyl- 0.01 to 0.5 mg/L 7–15
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
carbohydrazide
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
B—Atomic Absorption, 0.1to10mg/L 16–24
Direct statements, see 4.2, 20.3, and 20.8.1.
C—Atomic Absorption, Graphite 5 to 100 µg/L 25–33
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Furnace
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Test Method A is a photometric method that measures
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
dissolved hexavalent chromium only. Hexavalent chromium
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
can also be determined by ion chromatography, see Test
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Method D5257. Test Methods B and C are atomic absorption
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
methods that are generally applicable to the determination of
dissolved or total recoverable chromium in water without
2. Referenced Documents
regard to valence state. ICP-MS or ICP-AES may also be
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
appropriate but at a higher instrument cost. See Test Methods
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D5673 and D1976.
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
1.3 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
grade water Types I, II, and III, tap water, 10 % NaCl solution,
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
treated water from a synthetic organic industrial plant that
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
meets National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
(NPDES) permit requirements, and EPA-extraction procedure
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
leachate water, process water, lake water, effluent treatment,
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
that is, lime neutralization and precipitation of spent pickle
D1976 Test Method for Elements in Water by Inductively-
liquor and associated rinse water from stainless steel pickling.
Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Test Method C has been used successfully with reagent water,
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
stock scrubber water, lake water, filtered tap water, river water,
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
well water, production plant water, and a condensate from a
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
medium BTU coal gasification process. Matrices used, except
D3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
for reagent water, are not available for Test Method B. It is the
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
user’sresponsibilitytoensurethevalidityofthesetestmethods
D3559 Test Methods for Lead in Water
for waters of untested matrices.
D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
2
Constituents in Water. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1687 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D1687-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Co
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1687 − 12 D1687 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chromium in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1687; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of hexavalent and total chromium in water. Section 34 on Quality Control
pertains to these test methods. Three test methods are included as follows:
Concentration
Test Method Sections
Range
A—Photometric Diphenyl- 0.01 to 0.5 7 – 15
carbohydrazide mg⁄L
B—Atomic 0.1 to 10 16 – 24
Absorption, mg⁄L
Direct
C—Atomic Absorption, 5 to 100 25 – 33
Graphite μg⁄L
Furnace
Concentration
Test Method Sections
Range
A—Photometric Diphenyl- 0.01 to 0.5 7 – 15
carbohydrazide mg/L
B—Atomic 0.1 to 10 16 – 24
Absorption, mg/L
Direct
C—Atomic Absorption, 5 to 100 25 – 33
Graphite μg/L
Furnace
1.2 Test Method A is a photometric method that measures dissolved hexavalent chromium only. Test Hexavalent chromium can
also be determined by ion chromatography, see Test Method D5257. Test Methods B and C are atomic absorption methods that
are generally applicable to the determination of dissolved or total recoverable chromium in water without regard to valence state.
ICP-MS or ICP-AES may also be appropriate but at a higher instrument cost. See Test Methods D5673 and D1976.
1.3 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent grade water Types I, II, and III, tap water, 10 % NaCl solution,
treated water from a synthetic organic industrial plant that meets National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit requirements, and EPA-extraction procedure leachate water, process water, lake water, effluent treatment, that is, lime
neutralization and precipitation of spent pickle liquor and associated rinse water from stainless steel pickling. Test Method C has
been used successfully with reagent water, stock scrubber water, lake water, filtered tap water, river water, well water, production
plant water, and a condensate from a medium BTU coal gasification process. Matrices used, except for reagent water, are not
available for Test Method B. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested
matrices.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedgiven
in each system are mathematical conversions and may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently
of the other.parentheses are mathematical conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not
considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 4.2, 20.3, and Note 620.8.1 and Note 7.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012June 1, 2017. Published August 2007July 2017. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
D1687 – 02D1687 – 12.(2007)E01. DOI: 10.1520/D1687-12.10.1520/D1687-17.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D1687 − 17
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D
...
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