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ASTM D2598-21

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Vapor pressure is an important specification property of commercial propane, special duty propane, propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane that assures adequate vaporization, safety, and compatibility with commercial appliances. Relative density, while not a specification criterion, is necessary for determination of filling densities and custody transfer. The motor octane number (MON) is useful in determining the products' suitability as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, commercial propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane (covered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON).  
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D2158.)  
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.  
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table 1.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions:  
1.2.1.1 Non-SI units in parentheses are given for information only.
1.2.1.2 Motor octane number and relative density are given in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Mar-2021
ICS
75.160.30 - Gaseous fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.H0 - Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D2598-21 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional AnalysisASTM D2598-21 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2598 −21
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied
1
Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the
Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
approximate determination of the following physical charac-
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
teristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, com-
D2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum
mercialpropane/butanemixtures,andcommercialbutane(cov-
(LP) Gases
ered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density,
D2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in
and motor octane number (MON).
Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceed-
Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
ing specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method
D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and
5
D2158.)
Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is
Mass Basis
applicableonlytomixturescontaining20 %orlessofpropene.
2.2 Australian Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association Publi-
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is
3
cation:
based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table
Liquefied Petroleum Gas for Automotive Use Specification
1.
4
2.3 Gas Processors Suppliers Association:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
GPSA Engineering Data Book, 12th Edition, 2004
standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions:
3. Summary of Practice
1.2.1.1 Non-SI units in parentheses are given for informa-
tion only.
3.1 The composition of a sample of LP-gas is obtained by
1.2.1.2 Motor octane number and relative density are given
using Test Method D2163 or other acceptable method. From
in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.
the analysis (expressed in liquid volume percent), the vapor
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- pressure, relative density, and motor octane number of the
sample may be determined.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2 Conversion of a compositional analysis from mole, gas
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
volume, or weight basis to liquid volume is obtained by using
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Practice D2421 or other suitable method.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Vapor pressure is an important specification property of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
commercial propane, special duty propane, propane/butane
D1267 Test Method for Gauge Vapor Pressure of Liquefied
mixtures, and commercial butane that assures adequate
vaporization, safety, and compatibility with commercial appli-
ances. Relative density, while not a specification criterion, is
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
necessary for determination of filling densities and custody
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published May 2021. Originally
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2598 – 16. DOI:
3
10.1520/D2598-21. Available fromAustralian Liquefied Petroleum GasAssociation Limited,ABN
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 11002703951, 30 George Street, Redfern NSW 2016, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.lpgaustralia.com.au/site/
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromGasProcessorsSuppliersAssociation(GPSA),6526E.60thSt.,
the ASTM website. Tulsa, OK 74145, http://www.gpsa.gpaglobal.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2598 − 21
A
TABLE 1 Factors for Determining the Physical Characteristics of LP-Gases
Vap
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2598 − 16 D2598 − 21
Standard Practice for
Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied
1
Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2598; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of
commercial propane, special-duty propane, commercial propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane (covered by Specifica-
tion D1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON).
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D2158.)
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table 1.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.2.1 Exceptions:
1.2.1.1 Non-SI units in parentheses are given for information only.
1.2.1.2 Motor octane number and relative density are given in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1267 Test Method for Gauge Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by
Gas Chromatography
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016April 1, 2021. Published October 2016May 2021. Originally approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 20122016 as D2598
– 12.16. DOI: 10.1520/D2598-16.10.1520/D2598-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2598 − 21
A
TABLE 1 Factors for Determining the Physical Characteristics of LP-Gases
Vapor Pressure Blend Relative Density at
Component Factor, kPa-gauge 15.6 °C ⁄15.6 °C MON Blend Value
(PSIG) at 37.8 °C (100 °F) (60 °F ⁄60 °F)
Methane 17547 (2545) 0.3 . . .
Ethane 4213 (611) 0.3563 100.7
Ethane 4213 (611) 0.35628 100.7
Ethene (Ethylene) 8720 (1265) 0.37 75.6
Propane 1200 (174) 0.5072 97.1
Propane 1200 (174) 0.50719 97.1
Propene (Propylene) 1466 (213) 0.5226 84.9
Propene (Propylene) 1466 (213) 0.52260 84.9
Methylpropane (Isobutane) 400 (58) 0.5629 97.6
Methylpropane (Isobutane) 400 (58) 0.56283 97.6
n-Butane 255 (37) 0.5842 89.6
n-Butane 255 (37) 0.58420 89.6
t-2-Butene 242 (35) 0.6099 {
t-2-Butene 242 (35) 0.61030 {
1-Butene 328 (48) 0.6004 80.8
1-Butene 328 (48) 0.60044 80.8
2-Methylpropene (Isobutylene) 340 (49) 0.6004 {
2-Methylpropene (Isobutylene) 340 (49) 0.60064 {
c-2-Butene 216 (31) 0.6275 83.5
c-2-Butene 216 (31) 0.62716 83.5
2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane) 152 (22) 0.5961 80.2
2,2-Dimethylpropane (Neopentane) 152 (22) 0.59530 80.2
Cyclopentane -33 (-4.7) 0.7503 84.9
Cyclopentane -33 (-4.7) 0.75047 84.9
2-Methylbutane (Isopentane) 40 (5.8) 0.6251 90.3
n-Pentane 6.4 (0.9) 0.6307 62.6
n-Hexane -67 (-9.7) 0.6641 26.0
A
Some constants for vapor pressure and motor octanes are empirical values to be used only in the ca
...

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4.1 The sulfur content of LPG, used for fuel purposes, contributes to SOx emissions and can lead to corrosion in engine and exhaust systems. Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned by sulfur bearing materials in the feed stocks. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds, to measure sulfur in finished products, and can also be used for compliance determinations when acceptable to a regulatory authority.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total volatile sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases. It is applicable to analysis of natural, processed, and final product materials. Precision has been determined for sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons in the range of 1 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg and for sulfur in LP gases in the range of 1 mg/kg to 196 mg/kg (Note 1).
Note 1: An estimate of pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ), information regarding sample stability and other general information derived from the interlaboratory studies on precision can be referenced in the ASTM research reports.2,3  
1.2 This test method may not detect sulfur compounds that do not vaporize under the conditions of the test.  
1.3 This test method is applicable for total volatile sulfur determination in LP gases containing less than 0.35 % (mass/mass) halogen(s).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 3.1 and Sections 6 and 7 for specific warning statements.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4150-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Gaseous Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D03 on Gaseous Fuels. It does not include terms, definitions, abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols specific to only a single D03 standard in which they appear. These terms, definitions, abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are used in:  
1.1.1 The sampling of gaseous fuels,  
1.1.2 The analysis of gaseous fuels for composition and various other physical properties, and  
1.1.3 Other practices related to the processing, transmission, and distribution of gaseous fuels.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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