ASTM C688-14

Standard Specification for Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements

ABSTRACT
This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is interground with the clinker during manufacture of the cement. Cement, mortar, and concrete shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of autoclave expansion, drying shrinkage, normal consistency, standard consistency, setting time, compressive strength, false set, water content, flexural strength, bond to steel, volume change, resistance to freezing and thawing, and bleeding. Accelerating addition, retarding addition, set-control addition, water-reducing addition, water-reducing and accelerating addition are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during manufacture of the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2014
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C01 - Cement
• Drafting Committee: C01.20 - Additions

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C688 −14
Standard Specification for
1
Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-
mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties
C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in
of hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during
the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
manufacture of the cement.
C232 Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C234 Test Method for Comparing Concretes on the Basis of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
theBondDevelopedwithReinforcingSteel(Discontinued
standard. 3
2000) (Withdrawn 2000)
C266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change
properties other than those they are intended to modify. This Paste by Gillmore Needles
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete
specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets
forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement
that would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an
addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for (Paste Method)
C465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the
concrete. Certain additions may be found effective for more
than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5. Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
2. Referenced Documents
C596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Contain-
2
ing Hydraulic Cement
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to
C10/C10M Specification for Natural Cement
Rapid Freezing and Thawing
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
C845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
drical Concrete Specimens
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using
Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
3. Terminology
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
3.1 Definitions:
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
3.1.1 accelerating addition—a functional addition that ac-
Specimens)
celerates the setting or early strength, or both, of concrete and
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement
mortar.
Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
3.1.2 retarding addition—a functional addition that retards
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic
the setting of concrete and mortar.
Cement
3.1.3 set-control addition—a functional addition composed
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
essentially of calcium sulfate in any hydration state from
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
CaSO to CaSO ·2H O.
4 4 2
3.1.4 water-reducing addition—a functional addition used
1 to reduce the quantity of mixing water required to produce
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions. concrete and mortar of a given consistency.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
3.1.5 water-reducing and accelerating addition—a func-
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C688 – 08. DOI:
tional addition that reduces the quantity of mixing water
10.1520/C0688-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C688−14
TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions
Type of Addition
Tests
Water-Reducing Water-Reducing and
Water Reducing Retarding Accelerating Set-Control
and Retarding Accelerating
Normal consistency, deviation from control, −1.0 min
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C688 − 08 C688 − 14
Standard Specification for
1
Functional Additions for Use in Hydraulic Cements
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Section 5.1 was corrected editorially in August 2013.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers methods to investigate the effectiveness of a material to beneficially change the properties of
hydraulic cements when the material is incorporated during manufacture of the cement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 The effect of additions in cement may markedly change properties other than those they are intended to modify. This
specification is designed to test for such changes. Table 1 sets forth values for those properties of cement pastes and mortars that
would permit a judgment of the changes effected by an addition. Likewise, Table 2 sets forth similar criteria for concrete. Certain
additions may be found effective for more than one purpose as indicated in 3.1.4 and 3.1.5.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C10/C10M Specification for Natural Cement
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement
C232 Test Methods for Bleeding of Concrete
C234 Test Method for Comparing Concretes on the Basis of the Bond Developed with Reinforcing Steel (Discontinued 2000)
3
(Withdrawn 2000)
C266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-Cement Paste by Gillmore Needles
C403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
C451 Test Method for Early Stiffening of Hydraulic Cement (Paste Method)
C465 Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement
C666/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing
C845 Specification for Expansive Hydraulic Cement
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008Feb. 1, 2014. Published January 2009March 2014. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20052008 as
C688 – 00C688 – 08.(2005). DOI: 10.1520/C0688-08.10.1520/C0688-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C688 − 14
TABLE 1 Criteria for Evaluating Neat Cement and Mortar Containing Functional Cement Additions
Type of Addition
Tests
Water-Reducing Water-Reducing and
Water Reducing Retarding Accelerating Set-Control
and Retarding Accelerating
Normal consistency, deviation from control, −1.0 min +1.0 max +1.0 max −1.0 min −1.0 mm ±1.0 max
A
percentage points
Standard consistency (flow) deviation from −4.0 min +2.0 max +2.0 max −4.0 min −4.0 min ±2.0 max
A
control, percentage points
Setting time, (Gillmore) deviation from control,
h:min
Initial
B B
...