ASTM C114-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Specific chemical test methods are grouped as reference test methods and alternative test methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements and are also required for referee analysis in those cases where conformance to chemical specification requirements are questioned. Apparatus and materials for the test method include balance, weights, glassware and laboratory containers, desiccators, filter paper, crucibles, and muffle furnace. Standard reagents for the test method shall be used within the limits of the specification. These reagents shall include purity agents, water, repackaged reagents, concentrated acids and ammonium hydroxide, nonstandardized solutions, and indicator solutions. Sample preparation and general test procedures shall be followed according to the specification. General procedures include sample weighing, taring of crucibles, weighing of ignited residues, volatilization of platinum, chemical analyses, and calculation. Reporting of analyses shall be of the following order: major components, minor components, and separate determinations. Reference test methods and procedures include determination of insoluble residue, silicon dioxide, ammonium hydroxide group, ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur, loss on ignition, sodium and potassium oxides, manganic oxide, chloride, chloroform-soluble organic substances. Alternative test methods and procedures include determination of calcium oxide, calcium dioxide, magnesium oxide, loss on ignition, titanium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganic oxide, and free calcium oxide. The standardization used for qualification and for analysis of each constituent shall be determined by valid curve-fitting procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.
1.2 Contents:
Section
Subject
2
Referenced Documents
4
Description of Referee Analyses
4.1
Referee Analyses
5
Qualification for Different Analyses
5.1
Certified Reference Materials
5.2
Requirements for Qualification Testing
5.3
Alternative Analyses
5.4
Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods
6
General
6.1
Interferences and Limitations
6.2
Apparatus and Materials
6.3
Reagents
6.4
Sample Preparation
6.5
General Procedures
6.6
Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses
Reference Test Methods
7
Insoluble Residue
8
Silicon Dioxide
8.2
Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %
8.3
Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %
9
Ammonium Hydroxide Group
10
Ferric Oxide
11
Phosphorus Pentoxide
12
Titanium Dioxide
13
Zinc Oxide
14
Aluminum Oxide
15
Calcium Oxide
16
Magnesium Oxide
17
Sulfur
17.1
Sulfur Trioxide
17.2
Sulfide
18
Loss On Ignition
18.1
Portland Cement
...
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C114 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C114; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
9 Ammonium Hydroxide Group
10 Ferric Oxide
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of
11 Phosphorus Pentoxide
hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated accept- 12 Titanium Dioxide
13 Zinc Oxide
able precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic
14 Aluminum Oxide
cements, including analyses for referee and certification
15 Calcium Oxide
purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test 16 Magnesium Oxide
17 Sulfur
methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to
17.1 Sulfur Trioxide
use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and
17.2 Sulfide
18 Loss On Ignition
Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long
18.1 Portland Cement
accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a
18.2 Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement and Slag Cement
reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hy-
19 Sodium and Potassium Oxides
19.1 Total Alkalis
draulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide
19.2 Water-Soluble Alkalis
individual determination of specific analytes and may be used
20 Manganic Oxide
alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic
21 Chloride
22 Chloroform-Soluble Organic Substances
scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the
individual method.
Alternative Test Methods
23 Calcium Oxide
1.2 Contents:
24 Carbon Dioxide
Section Subject
25 Magnesium Oxide
2 Referenced Documents
26 Loss on Ignition
4 Description of Referee Analyses
26.1 Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement and Slag Cement
4.1 Referee Analyses
27 Titanium Dioxide
5 Qualification for Different Analyses
28 Phosphorus Pentoxide
5.1 Certified Reference Materials
29 Manganic Oxide
5.2 Requirements for Qualification Testing
30 Free Calcium Oxide
5.3 Alternative Analyses
5.4 Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods
Appendices
6 General
Appendix X1 Example of Determination of Equivalence Point
6.1 Interferences and Limitations
for the Chloride Determination
6.2 Apparatus and Materials
Appendix X2 CO Determinations in Hydraulic Cements
2
6.3 Reagents
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
6.4 Sample Preparation
6.5 General Procedures
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
6.6 Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses
standard.
Reference Test Methods
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
7 Insoluble Residue
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
8 Silicon Dioxide
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
8.2 Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %
8.3 Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
1
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on
Cement and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.23 on Compositional
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Analysis.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as C114 – 22. DOI:
10.1520/C0114-23. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C114 − 23
A
TABLE 1 Maximum Permissible Variations in Results
2. Referenced Documents
(Column 3)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Maximum
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, (Column 2) Difference of
Maximum the
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
(Column 1)
Difference Average of
Analyte
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inor-
Between Duplicates from
B
Duplicates CRM
ganic Cements
Certificate
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
C,D,B
Values
Determine Conformance with Specifications
SiO (silicon dioxide) 0.16 ±0.2
2
E275
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C114 − 22 C114 − 23
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C114; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision
and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in
Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as
Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test
methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods
generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within
the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.
1.2 Contents:
Section Subject
2 Referenced Documents
4 Description of Referee Analyses
4.1 Referee Analyses
5 Qualification for Different Analyses
5.1 Certified Reference Materials
5.2 Requirements for Qualification Testing
5.3 Alternative Analyses
5.4 Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods
6 General
6.1 Interferences and Limitations
6.2 Apparatus and Materials
6.3 Reagents
6.4 Sample Preparation
6.5 General Procedures
6.6 Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses
Reference Test Methods
7 Insoluble Residue
8 Silicon Dioxide
8.2 Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %
8.3 Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %
9 Ammonium Hydroxide Group
10 Ferric Oxide
11 Phosphorus Pentoxide
12 Titanium Dioxide
13 Zinc Oxide
14 Aluminum Oxide
15 Calcium Oxide
16 Magnesium Oxide
17 Sulfur
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.23 on Compositional Analysis.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2022Oct. 1, 2023. Published December 2022October 2023. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 20182022
as C114 – 18.C114 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/C0114-22.10.1520/C0114-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C114 − 23
17.1 Sulfur Trioxide
17.2 Sulfide
18 Loss On Ignition
18.1 Portland Cement
18.2 Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement and Slag Cement
19 Sodium and Potassium Oxides
19.1 Total Alkalis
19.2 Water-Soluble Alkalis
20 Manganic Oxide
21 Chloride
22 Chloroform-Soluble Organic Substances
Alternative Test Methods
23 Calcium Oxide
24 Carbon Dioxide
25 Magnesium Oxide
26 Loss on Ignition
26.1 Portland Blast-Furnace Slag Cement and Slag Cement
27 Titanium Dioxide
28 Phosphorus Pentoxide
29 Manganic Oxide
30 Free Calcium Oxide
Appendices
Appendix X1 Example of Determination of Equivalence Point
for the Chloride Determination
Appendix X2 CO Determinations in Hydraulic Cements
2
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visibl
...
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