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ASTM G148-97(2011)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique

Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures described, herein, can be used to evaluate the severity of hydrogen charging of a material produced by exposure to corrosive environments or by cathodic polarization. It can also be used to determine fundamental properties of materials in terms of hydrogen diffusion (for example, diffusivity of hydrogen) and the effects of metallurgical, processing, and environmental variables on diffusion of hydrogen in metals.  
The data obtained from hydrogen permeation tests can be combined with other tests related to hydrogen embrittlement or hydrogen induced cracking to ascertain critical levels of hydrogen flux or hydrogen content in the material for cracking to occur.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice gives a procedure for the evaluation of hydrogen uptake, permeation, and transport in metals using an electrochemical technique which was developed by Devanathan and Stachurski. While this practice is primarily intended for laboratory use, such measurements have been conducted in field or plant applications. Therefore, with proper adaptations, this practice can also be applied to such situations.
1.2 This practice describes calculation of an effective diffusivity of hydrogen atoms in a metal and for distinguishing reversible and irreversible trapping.
1.3 This practice specifies the method for evaluating hydrogen uptake in metals based on the steady-state hydrogen flux.
1.4 This practice gives guidance on preparation of specimens, control and monitoring of the environmental variables, test procedures, and possible analyses of results.
1.5 This practice can be applied in principle to all metals and alloys which have a high solubility for hydrogen, and for which the hydrogen permeation is measurable. This method can be used to rank the relative aggressivity of different environments in terms of the hydrogen uptake of the exposed metal.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2011
ICS
77.040.01 - Testing of metals in general
Technical Committee
G01 - Corrosion of Metals
Drafting Committee
G01.11 - Electrochemical Measurements in Corrosion Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM G148-97(2003) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique
Effective Date
01-May-2011

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ASTM G148-97(2011) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical TechniqueASTM G148-97(2011) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique
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ASTM G148-97(2011) - Standard Practice for Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G148 − 97 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Hydrogen Uptake, Permeation, and Transport
1
in Metals by an Electrochemical Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G148; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G96Guide for Online Monitoring of Corrosion in Plant
Equipment (Electrical and Electrochemical Methods)
1.1 This practice gives a procedure for the evaluation of
hydrogen uptake, permeation, and transport in metals using an
3. Terminology
electrochemical technique which was developed by Devana-
2
than and Stachurski. While this practice is primarily intended 3.1 Definitions:
for laboratory use, such measurements have been conducted in
3.1.1 charging, n—method of introducing atomic hydrogen
field or plant applications. Therefore, with proper adaptations,
into the metal by galvanostatic charging (constant charging
this practice can also be applied to such situations.
current), potentiostatic charging (constant electrode potential),
free corrosion, or gaseous exposure.
1.2 This practice describes calculation of an effective diffu-
sivity of hydrogen atoms in a metal and for distinguishing
3.1.2 charging cell, n—compartment in which hydrogen
reversible and irreversible trapping.
atoms are generated on the specimen surface. This includes
both aqueous and gaseous charging.
1.3 This practice specifies the method for evaluating hydro-
gen uptake in metals based on the steady-state hydrogen flux.
3.1.3 decay current, n—decay of the hydrogen atom oxida-
tion current due to a decrease in charging current.
1.4 This practice gives guidance on preparation of
specimens, control and monitoring of the environmental
3.1.4 Fick’s second law, n—second order differential equa-
variables, test procedures, and possible analyses of results.
tion describing the concentration of diffusing specie as a
function of position and time. The equation is of the form
1.5 This practice can be applied in principle to all metals
]C x,t /]t5]/]xD ]/]x C x,t for lattice diffusion in one di-
~ ! @ ~ !#
and alloys which have a high solubility for hydrogen, and for 1
mensionwherediffusivityisindependentofconcentration.See
which the hydrogen permeation is measurable. This method
3.2 for symbols.
can be used to rank the relative aggressivity of different
environments in terms of the hydrogen uptake of the exposed
3.1.5 hydrogen flux, n—the amount of hydrogen passing
metal.
through the metal specimen per unit area as a function of time.
The units are typically concentration per unit area per unit
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
time.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.6 hydrogen uptake, n—the concentration of hydrogen
3 3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
absorbed into the metal (for example, g/cm or mol/cm ).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.7 irreversible trap, n—microstructural site at which a
hydrogen atom has a infinite or extremely long residence time
2. Referenced Documents
compared to the time-scale for permeation testing at the
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
relevant temperature, as a result of a binding energy which is
large relative to the migration energy for diffusion.
1 3.1.8 mobile hydrogen atoms, n—hydrogen atoms that are
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion
ofMetalsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeG01.11onElectrochemi- associated with sites within the lattice.
cal Measurements in Corrosion Testing.
3.1.9 oxidation cell, n—compartment in which hydrogen
Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Last previous
edition approved in 2003 as G149-97(2003). DOI:10.1520/G0148-97R11. atoms exiting from the metal specimen are oxidized.
2
Devanathan, M.A.V., and Stachurski, Z., Proceedings of Royal Society, A270,
3.1.10 permeation current, n—current measured in oxida-
90–102, 1962.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or tion cell associated with oxidation of hydrogen atoms.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.11 permeation transient, n—the increase of the perme-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ationcurrentwithtimefromcommencementofchargingtothe
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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G148
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5.1 The procedures described, herein, can be used to evaluate the severity of hydrogen charging of a material produced by exposure to corrosive environments or by cathodic polarization. It can also be used to determine fundamental properties of materials in terms of hydrogen diffusion (for example, diffusivity of hydrogen) and the effects of metallurgical, processing, and environmental variables on diffusion of hydrogen in metals.  
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