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ASTM D5278-98(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)

Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of narrow elastic fabrics because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using student’t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If bias is found, either the cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
This test method specifies the use of a static load apparatus. Users of this test method are cautioned that elongation test data obtained using this test method are not comparable to elongation test data obtained using either constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) or constant-rate-of-loading (CRL) type tensile testing machines.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the elongation characteristics of narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile fibers, when tested with a static load testing procedure before or after laundering. Note 1For determination of similar characteristics using the constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D 4964.
Note 2
For determination of similar characteristics using the constant-rate-of load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test Method D 1775.
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or mutual agreement upon, the effective static load at which the test results will be determined.
1.3 Laundering procedures used will be those specified in Test Method AATCC 135 for 3 washing and drying cycles.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifications.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.59 - Fabric Physical Test Methods A
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5278-92 - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D5278-09 - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)
Effective Date
15-Jan-2009

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ASTM D5278-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)ASTM D5278-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)
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ASTM D5278-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5278–98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5278; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
D 4964 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Elastic
1.1 This test method determines the elongation characteris-
Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing
tics of narrow elastic fabrics made from natural or man-made
Machine)
elastomers, either alone or in combination with other textile
2.2 AATCC Test Method:
fibers, when tested with a static load testing procedure before
135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Laundering
or after laundering.
of Woven and Knit Fabrics
NOTE 1—For determination of similar characteristics using the
constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine, refer to
3. Terminology
Test Method D 4964.
3.1 Definitions:
NOTE 2—For determination of similar characteristics using the
3.1.1 elongation, n—the ratio of the extension of a material
constant-rate-of load (CRL) type tensile testing machine, refer to Test
to the length of the material prior to stretching. (Compare
Method D 1775.
extension.)
1.2 The use of this test method requires the selection of, or
3.1.2 marrow elastic fabric, n—an elastic fabric that is less
mutual agreement upon, the effective static load at which the
than 150 mm [6 in.] in width.
test results will be determined.
3.1.3 static load, n—in textile testing, a mass which exerts
1.3 Laundering procedures used will be those specified in
a force by means of the mass alone without motion (synonym,
Test Method AATCC 135 for 3 washing and drying cycles.
dead load).
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
4. Summary of Test Method
inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
4.1 Conditioned test specimens, laundered or unlaundered,
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
are suspended and subjected to a specified loading. The static
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
load is applied for a specified time, released, and the cycle
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
repeated two more times. The percent elongation is read
specifications.
directly from the scale on the apparatus.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tancetestingofcommercialshipmentsofnarrowelasticfabrics
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
because the test method is used in the trade for acceptance
testing.
2. Referenced Documents
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials
testing of commercial shipments, the parties should conduct
D 1775 Test Method for Tension and Elongation of Wide
comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
Elastic Fabrics
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is
recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the
two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods,
the type in question. The test specimens should then be
General.
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originally
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1992 as D 5278–92.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5278–98 (2004)
testing.Theaverageresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbe Unless the fabric width exceeds 75 mm [3 in.], use the full
compared using student’s t-test for unpaired data and an fabric width as the test specimen width.
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before 8.1.3.2 With the bench marker, make two marks on the test
testingisbegun.Ifbiasisfound,eitherthecausemustbefound specimen that are 250 mm [10 in.] apart, approximately the
and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to samedistancefromthetestspecimenendsandperpendicularto
interpret future test results in the light of the known bias. the long direction of the test sp
...

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This specification covers the general and physical requirements for greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. The yarn shall be a continuous filament, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda or potash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. The fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound in spiral tubes. The materials shall be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: fabric count; yarn numbers for both the warp and filling yarns; filament diameter; strand construction; twist direction wherein the primary twist in the singles strands shall be “Z” twist and the final twist in the plied yarns shall be “S” twist; twist level; fabric weave type which shall include crowfoot, leno, mock leno, plain, eight-harness satin, and twelve-harness satin; mass per unit area; thickness; breaking strength; width including both selvages but excluding any feathered edges; fabric roll length, length between splices, and number of splices per roll; and ignition loss. The fabrics shall also be examined for defects such as bias or bowed filling; baggy, ridged, or wavy cloth; cut or tear; hole; spots, streaks, or stains; foreign inclusions; tender or weak spot; smash; broken, missing ends or picks; floats and skips; light and heavy marks; crease; waste; weave separation; brittle or fused area; selvage defects; selvage leno ends out; and feather edges.
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1.1 This practice covers greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. This practice can also be applied to fabrics made of other glass fiber types as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.  
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Section  
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8  
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15  
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Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics  
13  
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ASTM D1388-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In general, these procedures are more suitable for testing woven fabrics than knit fabrics.  
5.2 Both test options in this test method are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
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5.3 The stiffness of a fabric may change with storage.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.  
5.3 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.  
5.4 Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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