ASTM F3056-14

Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion

ABSTRACT
This specification defines the requirements for additive manufacturing of nickel alloy (UNS N06625) using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard may be used by purchasers and producers of additively manufactured UNS N06625 components to specify the requirements and ensure component properties, and by users to obtain components that will satisfy the minimum acceptance requirements. The standard covers terminology and classification as well as the requirements with respect to ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, thermal processing, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, maintenance of a quality program, and the significance of numerical limits.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured UNS N06625 components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers, or both, of additively manufactured UNS N06625 components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements S1–S16.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2014
• ICS: 77.150.40 - Nickel and chromium products
• Technical Committee: F42 - Additive Manufacturing Technologies
• Drafting Committee: F42.05 - Materials and Processes

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F3056 −14
StandardSpecification for
Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with
Powder Bed Fusion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured UNS
B213 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
N06625componentsusingfull-meltpowderbedfusionsuchas
the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
electron beam melting and laser melting. The components
B214 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
produced by these processes are used typically in applications
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
thatrequiremechanicalpropertiessimilartomachinedforgings
B311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)
and wrought products. Components manufactured to this
Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via
B769 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys
machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM),
B880 Specification for General Requirements for Chemical
polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and
Check Analysis Limits for Nickel, Nickel Alloys and
critical dimensions.
Cobalt Alloys
B964 Test Methods for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers
the Carney Funnel
orproducers,orboth,ofadditivelymanufacturedUNSN06625
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
components for defining the requirements and ensuring com-
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
ponent properties.
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for
terials
obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance
E9 Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-
requirements established and revised by consensus of the rials at Room Temperature
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
members of the committee.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be
Sieves
met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not
terials
limited to, those listed in Supplementary Requirements
E21 TestMethodsforElevatedTemperatureTensionTestsof
S1–S16.
Metallic Materials
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
tallic Materials
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
this standard.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E238 Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of Metallic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Temperature,Electrical,Magnetic,andOtherSimilarIron,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
E384 Test Method for Knoop and Vickers Hardness of
Materials
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF42onAdditive
Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
F42.05 on Materials and Processes. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published March 2014. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
F3056-14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3056−14
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture ISO 9044 Industrial woven wire cloth—Technical require-
Toughness K of Metallic Materials ments and testing
Ic
E407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys ISO 12108 Metallic materials—Fatigue testing—Fatigue
E466 Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant crack growth method
Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials ISO 12111 Metallic materials—Fatigue testing—Strain-
E606 Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method
E647 Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack ISO 12135 Metallic materials—Unified method of test for
Growth Rates the determination of quasistatic fracture toughness
E1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, ISO 12737 Metallic materials—Determination of plane-
Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt strain fracture toughness (withdrawn)
Alloys by Various Combustion and Fusion Techniques ISO 13485 Medical devices—Quality management
E1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing systems—Requirements for regulatory purposes
E1450 Test Method for Tension Testing of StructuralAlloys ISO 19819 Metallic materials—Tensile testing in liquid
in Liquid Helium helium
E1473 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, 2.5 Military Standard:
Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
MIL-C-24615A Military Specification, Castings, Nickel-
E1820 Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness Chromium-Molybdenum, Columbium Alloy
E1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-
2.6 SAE Standards:
toryandReactiveMetalsandTheirAlloysbyCombustion
AMS 2269 Chemical Check Analysis Limits Nickel, Nickel
Analysis
Alloys, and Cobalt Alloys
E2368 Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical
AMS 5599 Nickel Alloy, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant,
Fatigue Testing
Sheet, Strip, and Plate 62Ni-21.5Cr-9.0Mo-3.7Cb (Nb)
F629 Practice for Radiography of Cast Metallic Surgical
Solution Heat Treated
Implants
AMS 2774 Heat Treatment Wrought Nickel Alloy and Co-
F2792 Terminology for Additive Manufacturing
balt Alloy Parts
,
Technologies
AS 9100 Quality Systems—Aerospace—Model for Quality
F2924 Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Assurance in Design, Development, Production, Installa-
Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion
tion and Servicing
2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:
2.7 ASME Standard:
52915 Specification forAdditive Manufacturing File Format
ASME B46.1 Surface Texture
(AMF) Version 1.1
2.8 NIST Standard:
52921 Terminology for Additive Manufacturing—
IR 7847 (March 2012) CODEN:NTNOEF
Coordinate Systems and Test Methodologies
3. Terminology
2.3 ASQ Standard:
ASQ C1 Specification of General Requirements for a Qual-
3.1 Definitions:
ity Program
3.1.1 Terminology relating to powder bed fusion in Speci-
2.4 ISO Standards:
fication F2924 shall apply.
ISO 148-1 Metallic materials—Charpy pendulum impact
3.1.2 Terminology relating to additive manufacturing in
test—Part 1: Test method
Terminology F2792 shall apply.
ISO 1099 Metallic materials—Fatigue testing—Axial force-
3.1.3 Terminology relating to coordinate systems in Termi-
controlled method
nology 52921 shall apply.
ISO 4545 Metallic materials—Knoop hardness test—Part 2:
3.1.4 Terminology relating to powder metallurgy in Termi-
Verification and calibration of testing machines
nology B243 shall apply.
ISO 6506-1 Metallic materials—Brinell hardness test—Part
4. Classification
1: Test method
ISO 6507-1 Metallic materials—Vickers hardness test—Part
4.1 Unless otherwise specified herein, all classifications
1: Test method
shall meet the requirements in each section of this standard.
ISO 6508 Metallic materials—Rockwell hardness test—Part
4.1.1 Class A components shall be stress relieved or an-
1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T)
nealed per Section 12.
ISO 6892-1 Metallic materials—Tensile testing at ambient
temperature
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
ISO 6892-2 Metallic materials—Tensile testing—Part 2:
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
Method of test at elevated temperature
dodssp.daps.dla.mil.
ISO 9001 Quality management system—Requirements
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave., International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
Milwaukee, WI 53203, http://www.asq.org. www.asme.org.
4 8
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
F3056−14
4.1.2 Class B components shall be annealed per Section 12. 6.1.4 Predetermined process as substantiated by the quali-
4.1.3 Class C components shall be hot isostatically pressed fication procedure;
per Section 13. 6.1.5 Safeguards to ensure traceability of the digital files,
4.1.4 Class D—Not Used. including design history of the components;
6.1.6 All the steps necessary to start the build process,
4.1.5 For Class E components, all thermal post processing
shall be optional. including build platform selection, machine cleaning, and
powder handling;
4.1.6 Class F—Not Used.
6.1.7 The requirements for approving machine operators;
6.1.8 Logging of machine build data files, upper and lower
5. Ordering Information
limits of the parameters affecting component quality and other
5.1 Orders for components compliant with this specification
process validation controls;
shall include the following to describe the requirements ad-
6.1.9 The number of components per build cycle, their
equately:
orientation and location on the build platform, and support
5.1.1 This specification designation,
structures, if required;
5.1.2 Description or part number of product desired,
6.1.10 Process steps including, but not limited to, Section 8;
5.1.3 Quantity of product desired,
6.1.11 Post-processingprocedure,includingsequenceofthe
5.1.4 Classification,
post-processing steps and the specifications for each step;
5.1.5 SI or SAE units,
6.1.12 Thermal processing including stress relieve, furnace
5.1.5.1 Discussion—The STL file format used by many
anneal, hot isostatic pressing, and heat treat; and
powder bed fusion machines does not contain units of mea-
6.1.13 Inspection requirements as agreed between the pur-
surementasmetadata.WhenonlySTLfilesareprovidedbythe
chaser and component supplier, including any supplementary
purchaser, ordering information should specify the units of the
requirements.
component along with the electronic data file. More informa-
tion about data files can be found in ISO/ASTM 52915.
7. Feedstock
5.1.6 Dimensions and tolerances (Section 14),
7.1 The feedstock for this specification shall be metal
5.1.7 Mechanical properties (Section 11),
powder, as defined in ASTM B243, that has the powder type,
5.1.8 Methods for chemical analysis (Section 9),
size distribution, shape, tap density, and flow rate acceptable
5.1.9 Sampling methods (Section S16),
for the process as determined by the component supplier.
5.1.10 Post-processing sequence of operations,
7.2 The metal powder shall be free from detrimental
5.1.11 Thermal processing,
amounts of inclusions and impurities and its chemical compo-
5.1.12 Allowable porosity (Section S8),
sition shall be adequate to yield, after processing, the final
5.1.13 Component marking such as labeling the serial or lot
material chemistry listed in Table 1.
number in the CAD file prior to the build cycle, or product
tagging,
7.3 Powder blends are allowed unless otherwise specified
5.1.14 Packaging,
between the component supplier and component purchaser, as
5.1.15 Certification,
long as all powder used to create the powder blend meets the
5.1.16 Disposition of rejected material (Section 15), and
requirements in Table 1 and lot numbers are documented and
5.1.17 Other supplementary requirements.
maintained.
7.4 Used powder is allowed. The proportion of virgin
6. Manufacturing Plan
powder to used powder shall be recorded and reported for each
6.1 Class A, B, C, and E components manufactured to this
production run. The maximum number of times used powder
specification shall have a manufacturing plan that includes, but
can be used as well as the number of times any portion of a
is not limited to, the following:
powder lot can be processed in the build chamber should be
6.1.1 A machine, manufacturing control system, and quali-
agreed upon between component supplier and purchaser for
fication procedure as agreed between component supplier and
purchaser;
TABLE 1 Composition (wt %)
NOTE 1—Qualification procedures typically require qualification build
Element min max
cycles in which mechanical property test specimens are prepared and
Carbon – 0.10
measured in accordance with Section 11 or other applicable standards.
Manganese – 0.50
Location, orientation on the build platform, number of test specimens for
Silicon – 0.50
each machine qualification build cycle, and relationship between speci-
Phosphorus – 0.015
men test results and component quality shall be agreed upon between
Sulfur – 0.015
component supplier and purchaser.
Chromium 20.00 23.00
Cobalt – 1.00
6.1.2 Feedstock that meets the requirements of Section 7;
Molybdenum 8.00 10.00
6.1.3 The machine identification, including machine soft-
Columbium (Nb) 3.15 4.15
ware version, manufacturing control system version (if Titanium – 0.40
Aluminum – 0.40
automated), build chamber environment, machine
Iron – 5.00
conditioning, and calibration information of the qualified
Nickel remainder
machine;
F3056−14
ClassA, B, and C. There are no limits on the number of build 9. Chemical Composition
cycles for used powder for Class E components. After a build
9.1 ExceptforClassE,asbuiltcomponentsshallconformto
cycle, any remaining used powder may be blended with virgin
the percentages by weight shown in Table 1. Carbon, Sulfur,
powder to maintain a powder quantity large enough for next
Nitrogen, and Oxygen shall be determined in accordance with
build cycle. The chemical composition of used powders shall
Test Methods E1019 and other elements in accordance with
be analyzed regularly, as agreed upon between component
TestMet
...