ASTM D3874-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur, under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the insulation material.
5.2 This test method assesses the relative resistance of electrical insulating materials to ignition by the effect of hot wire sources.
5.3 This test method determines the average time, in seconds, required for material specimens to ignite under the specified conditions of test.
5.4 This method is suitable to characterize materials, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.
5.5 In this procedure the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their resistance to ignition because of their proximity to electrically-heated wires and other heat sources.2
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm (0.010 to 0.25 in.).
1.3 This test method applies to materials that are rigid at normal room temperatures. That is, it applies to materials for which the specimen does not deform during preparation, especially during the wire-wrapping step described in 10.1. Examples of deformation that render this test method inapplicable include:
1.3.1 Bowing, in either a transverse or a longitudinal direction, or twisting of the specimen, during the wire-wrapping step, to a degree visible to the eye.
1.3.2 Visible indentation of the wrapped wire into the specimen.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. (See SI10 for further details.)
1.5 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: Although this test method and IEC TS 60695-2-20 (withdrawn), differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: D3874 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a
conducting these tests.
preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their
NOTE 1—Although this test method and IEC TS 60695-2-20
resistance to ignition because of their proximity to electrically-
(withdrawn), differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either
2
heated wires and other heat sources.
are technically equivalent.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm (0.010 to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
0.25 in.).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 This test method applies to materials that are rigid at
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
normal room temperatures. That is, it applies to materials for
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
which the specimen does not deform during preparation,
especially during the wire-wrapping step described in 10.1.
2. Referenced Documents
Examples of deformation that render this test method inappli-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cable include:
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1.3.1 Bowing, in either a transverse or a longitudinal
D6194 Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
direction, or twisting of the specimen, during the wire-
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
wrapping step, to a degree visible to the eye.
E3020 Practice for Ignition Sources
1.3.2 Visible indentation of the wrapped wire into the
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Metric
specimen.
Practice
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
2.2 IEC Standards:
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
IEC TS 60695-2-20 Fire Hazard Testing—Section 20:
information only. (See SI10 for further details.)
Glowing/Hot-wire Based Test Methods, Hot-wire Coil
4
Ignitability Test on Materials (withdrawn)
1.5 Thistestmethodmeasuresanddescribestheresponseor
IEC 60695-4 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 4: Terminology
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
4
Concerning Fire Tests for Electrotechnical Products
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
2.3 ISO Standards
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
5
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1 Use Terminology E176 and ISO 13943 and IEC
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
60695-4 for definitions of terms used in this test method and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
associated with fire issues. Where differences exist in
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D09.17 on Fire and Thermal Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3874 – 13. DOI: Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de
10.1520/D3874-18. Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
2 5
K. N. Mathes, Chapter 4, “Surface Failure Measurements”, Engineering Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Dielectrics, Vol. IIB, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials, Measure- la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
ment Techniques, R. Bartnikas, Editor, ASTM STP 926,ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987. www.iso.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 B
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3874 − 13 D3874 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their resistance to
2
ignition because of their proximity to electrically-heated wires and other heat sources.
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm (0.010 to 0.25
in.).
1.3 This test method applies to materials that are rigid at normal room temperatures. That is, it applies to materials for which
the specimen does not deform during preparation, especially during the wire-wrapping step described in 10.1. Examples of
deformation that render this test method inapplicable include:
1.3.1 Bowing, in either a transverse or a longitudinal direction, or twisting of the specimen, during the wire-wrapping step, to
a degree visible to the eye.
1.3.2 Visible indentation of the wrapped wire into the specimen.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only. (See SI10 for further details.)
1.5 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
NOTE 1—Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-20, TS 60695-2-20 (withdrawn), differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either are
technically equivalent.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D6194 Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E3020 Practice for Ignition Sources
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Metric Practice
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.17 on Fire and Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2013November 2018. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20122013
as D3874 – 12.D3874 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D3874-13.10.1520/D3874-18.
2
K. N. Mathes, Chapter 4, “Surface Failure Measurements”, Engineering Dielectrics, Vol. IIB, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials, Measurement
Techniques, R. Bartnikas, Editor, ASTM STP 926, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3874 − 18
2.2 IEC Standards:
IEC TS 60695-2-20 Fire Hazard Testing—Section 20: Glowing/Hot-wire Based Test Methods, Hot-wire Coil Ignitability Test
4
on Materials (withdrawn)
4
IEC 60695-4 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 4: Terminology Concerning Fire Tests for Electrotechnical Products
2.3 ISO Standards
5
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
3. T
...
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