ASTM D2093-97

Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plastic adherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of test specimens. It should be noted, however, that this practice specifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions, or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTM test methods or specifications for specific materials.  
1.2 Physical Treatments (for example, sanding and solvent wiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and all traces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants from the bonding surfaces.  
1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric acid-dichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex) are used in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of the polymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. >Specific precautionary statements are given in 6.1.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1997
• ICS: 83.180 - Adhesives
• Technical Committee: D14 - Adhesives
• Drafting Committee: D14.40 - Adhesives for Plastics

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D2093-03 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5041-98(2019) - Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Joints
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3165-07(2023) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated Assemblies
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D5868-01(2023) - Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3164-03(2017) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesively Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear by Tension Loading
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D2094-00(2023) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Bar and Rod Specimens for Adhesion Tests
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D3163-01(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining Strength of Adhesively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Tension Loading
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997
• Referred By: ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1997

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2093 – 97
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive
Bonding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plastic
D 1002 Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-
adherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of test
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
specimens. It should be noted, however, that this practice
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
specifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and does
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions,
D 3807 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in
or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTM
Cleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-
test methods or specifications for specific materials.
to-Engineering Plastics)
1.2 Physical Treatments (for example, sanding and solvent
wiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and all
3. Terminology
traces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants from
3.1 Definitions—Many terms are defined in Terminology
the bonding surfaces.
D 907.
1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric acid—
dichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex) are
4. Significance and Use
used in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of the
4.1 This practice is useful for reducing some of the surface
polymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.
variability of plastics (due to differences in manufacturing
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
methods) that might otherwise cause excessive variation in the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
results of ASTM test methods designed to measure adhesion.
only.
The treatments specified are convenient for laboratory work.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 This practice is not necessarily designed to provide
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
optimum adhesion to the surfaces and the treatments specified
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
may not always be practical for industrial use.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 This practice does not address all of the surface prepa-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
ration methods available; nor does this practice cite all of the
tionary statements are given in 6.1.
types or classes of plastics currently available.
4.4 This practice is used as a starting point for evaluating
2. Referenced Documents
surface preparation techniques for plastic adherends prior to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
adhesive bonding.
D 897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive
Bonds
5. Apparatus
D 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-
5.1 Abrasive, Aluminum Oxide, 320 grit, free of waxes,
sive Bonds
lubricants, or other potential contaminants.
D 905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
5.2 Glass Dish, borosilicate, of appropriate dimensions, in
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
2 which to heat the sulfuric acid-dichromate solution.
D 907 Terminology of Adhesives
5.3 Hot Plate to provide a source for heating the acid.
D 950 Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds
5.4 Cotton Cloths, lint-free, clean, white, or non-linting
paper wipers.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-14 on Adhesives
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1997. Published April 1998. Originally
published as D2093 – 62 T. Last previous edition D2093 – 92. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2093
5.5 Tongs, stainless steel. 7.1.2 Sanding—Sand the bonding surfaces of the adherends
with a fine-grit sandpaper or emery cloth until no evidence of
6. Pretreating Liquids
surface gloss is visible (Note 3). Wipe with a clean dry cloth to
6.1 Sodium Naphthalene Solution—Sodium naphthalene so-
remove particles from the sanding. Bond the surface as soon
lutions are commercially available. When not in use, keep the after preparation as possible.
solution in a tightly-closed glass container to exclude air and
NOTE 3—Sanding is desirable in many instances to remove the surface
moisture.
of plastic that may have contaminants, for example, mold release. Sanding
also gives a larger bonding area.
NOTE 1—Caution: Exercise extreme care in preparing, handling, and
disposing of both the sulfuric acid-dichromate solution and the sodium
7.1.3 Sulfuric Acid—Dichromate Solution Treatment:
naphthalene s
...