ASTM D1043-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
Standard Test Method for Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The property measured by this test is the apparent modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear modulus of elasticity. It is important to note that this property is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in tension, flexure, or compression. The relationship between these properties is shown in Annex A1.
4.2 The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent” since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular deflection occurring when the specimen is subjected to an applied torque. Since it is possible that the specimen will be deflected beyond its elastic limit, the calculated value will not always represent the true modulus of rigidity within the elastic limit of the material. In addition, the value obtained by this test method will also be affected by the creep characteristics of the material, since the load application time is arbitrarily fixed. For many materials, it is possible that there is a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the current ASTM material standards.
4.3 This test method is useful for determining the relative changes in stiffness over a wide range of temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness characteristics of plastics over a wide temperature range by direct measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 458-1 and ISO 458-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1043 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of
1
Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope* 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO458-1Plastics—Determination of Stiffness in Torsion
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiff-
of Flexible Materials, Part 1: General Method
ness characteristics of plastics over a wide temperature range
ISO458-2Plastics—Determination of Stiffness in Torsion
by direct measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity.
of Flexible Materials, Part 2: Application to Plasticized
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Compounds of Homopolymers and Copolymers of Vinyl
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Chloride
only.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of the technical terms per-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
taining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D883.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO458-1 and ISO458-2 address the
4.1 The property measured by this test is the apparent
same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear
modulus of elasticity. It is important to note that this property
2. Referenced Documents
is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tension, flexure, or compression. The relationship between
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
these properties is shown in Annex A1.
D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
4.2 The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent”
D747Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-
since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular
tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
deflection occurring when the specimen is subjected to an
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
applied torque. Since it is possible that the specimen will be
D1053Test Methods for Rubber Property—Stiffening at
deflected beyond its elastic limit, the calculated value will not
LowTemperatures:FlexiblePolymersandCoatedFabrics
always represent the true modulus of rigidity within the elastic
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
limitofthematerial.Inaddition,thevalueobtainedbythistest
als
method will also be affected by the creep characteristics of the
D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
material,sincetheloadapplicationtimeisarbitrarilyfixed.For
Plastics Specimens
many materials, it is possible that there is a specification that
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural
ASTM Test Methods
modifications that take precedence when adhering to the
specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material
specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classi-
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
fication D4000 lists the current ASTM material standards.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
4.3 This test method is useful for determining the relative
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1043-10. DOI:
changes in stiffness over a wide range of temperatures.
10.1520/D1043-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
the ASTM website. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
------------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1043 − 10 D1043 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of
1
Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiffness characteristics of plastics over a wide temperature range by direct
measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 458-1 and ISO 458-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1053 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Stiffening at Low Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 458-1 Plastics—Determination of Stiffness in Torsion of Flexible Materials, Part 1: General Method
ISO 458-2 Plastics—Determination of Stiffness in Torsion of Flexible Materials, Part 2: Application to Plasticized Compounds
of Homopolymers and Copolymers of Vinyl Chloride
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of the technical terms pertaining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology D883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The property measured by this test is the apparent modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear modulus of
elasticity. It is important to note that this property is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in tension, flexure, or
compression. The relationship between these properties is shown in Annex A1.
4.2 The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent” since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular deflection
occurring when the specimen is subjected to an applied torque. Since it is possible that the specimen will be deflected beyond its
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2016. Published April 2010September 2016. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
D1043 - 09.D1043 - 10. DOI: 10.1520/D1043-10.10.1520/D1043-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1043 − 16
elastic limit, the calculated value will not always represent the true modulus of rigidity within the elastic limit of the material. In
addition, the value obtained by this test method will also be affected by the creep characteristics of the material, since the load
application time is arbitrarily fixed. For many materials, it is possible that there is a specification that requires the use of this test
method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefor
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1043 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Stiffness Properties of Plastics as a Function of
1
Temperature by Means of a Torsion Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1043; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope* 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 458-1 Plastics—Determination of Stiffness in Torsion
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the stiff-
of Flexible Materials, Part 1: General Method
ness characteristics of plastics over a wide temperature range
ISO 458-2 Plastics—Determination of Stiffness in Torsion
by direct measurement of the apparent modulus of rigidity.
of Flexible Materials, Part 2: Application to Plasticized
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Compounds of Homopolymers and Copolymers of Vinyl
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Chloride
only.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of the technical terms per-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
taining to plastics used in this test method, see Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D883.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 458-1 and ISO 458-2 address the
4.1 The property measured by this test is the apparent
same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
modulus of rigidity, G, sometimes called the apparent shear
modulus of elasticity. It is important to note that this property
2. Referenced Documents
is not the same as the modulus of elasticity, E, measured in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tension, flexure, or compression. The relationship between
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
these properties is shown in Annex A1.
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
4.2 The measured modulus of rigidity is termed “apparent”
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-
since it is the value obtained by measuring the angular
tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
deflection occurring when the specimen is subjected to an
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
applied torque. Since it is possible that the specimen will be
D1053 Test Methods for Rubber Property—Stiffening at
deflected beyond its elastic limit, the calculated value will not
Low Temperatures: Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
always represent the true modulus of rigidity within the elastic
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
limit of the material. In addition, the value obtained by this test
als
method will also be affected by the creep characteristics of the
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
material, since the load application time is arbitrarily fixed. For
Plastics Specimens
many materials, it is possible that there is a specification that
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural
ASTM Test Methods
modifications that take precedence when adhering to the
specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material
specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classi-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics fication D4000 lists the current ASTM material standards.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
4.3 This test method is useful for determining the relative
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1043 - 10. DOI: changes in stiffness over a wide range of temperatures.
10.1520/D1043-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
the ASTM website. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1043 − 16
5. Apparatus 5.2.4 Heat-Transfer Mediu
...
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