ASTM D6421-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling by Bench Procedure
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling by Bench Procedure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Driveability problems in PFI automobiles were first reported in 1984. Deposits are prone to form on the metering surfaces of pintle-type electronic fuel injectors. These deposits reduce fuel flow through the metering orifices. Reductions in metered fuel flow result in an upset in the air-fuel ratio, which can affect emissions and driveability. When heavy enough, these deposits can lead to driveability symptoms, such as hesitation, hard starting, or loss of power, or a combination thereof, that are easily noticed by the average driver and that lead to customer complaints. The mechanism of the formation of deposits is not completely understood. It is believed to be influenced by many factors, including driving cycle, engine and injector design, and composition of the fuel. The procedure in this test method has been found to build deposits in PFIs on a consistent basis. This procedure can be used to evaluate differences in base fuels and fuel additives. A study of PFI fouling was conducted in both the bench test and the vehicle test procedures to obtain a correlation. The vehicle tests were conducted as described in Test Method D5598. The tests were conducted on several base gasolines, with and without additives blended into these base fuels. The PFI bench test proved to be reliable, repeatable, and a good predictor of PFI fouling in test vehicles.
5.1.1 State and Federal Legislative and Regulatory Action—Legislative and regulatory activity, primarily by the state of California (see 2.3) and the federal government (see 2.4), necessitate the acceptance of a standard test method to evaluate the PFI deposit-forming tendency of an automotive spark-ignition engine fuel.
5.1.2 Relevance of Results—The operating conditions and design of the laboratory apparatus used in this test method may not be representative of a current vehicle fuel system. These factors must be considered when interpreting results.
5.2 Test Validity:
5.2.1 Procedural Compliance—The test ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a bench test procedure to evaluate the tendency of automotive spark-ignition engine fuel to foul electronic port fuel injectors (PFI). The test method utilizes a bench apparatus equipped with Bosch injectors specified for use in a 1985-1987 Chrysler 2.2 L turbocharged engine. This test method is based on a test procedure developed by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) for prediction of the tendency of spark-ignition engine fuel to form deposits in the small metering clearances of injectors in a port fuel injection engine (see CRC Report No. 592).2
1.2 The test method is applicable to spark-ignition engine fuels, which may contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, dyes, deposit control additives, demulsifiers, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given throughout this test method.
Note 1: If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method D6421, contact ASTM International Headquarters. Other properties of significance to spark-ignition engine fuel are described in Specification D4814.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6421 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for
1
Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling by Bench Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method covers a bench test procedure to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
evaluate the tendency of automotive spark-ignition engine fuel
to foul electronic port fuel injectors (PFI). The test method
2. Referenced Documents
utilizes a bench apparatus equipped with Bosch injectors
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specified for use in a 1985-1987 Chrysler 2.2L turbocharged
D4175Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
engine.Thistestmethodisbasedonatestproceduredeveloped
Fuels, and Lubricants
by the Coordinating Research Council (CRC) for prediction of
D4814Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
the tendency of spark-ignition engine fuel to form deposits in
Fuel
the small metering clearances of injectors in a port fuel
2 D5500Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded
injection engine (see CRC Report No. 592).
Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve
1.2 The test method is applicable to spark-ignition engine
Deposit Formation
fuels, which may contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors,
D5598Test Method for Evaluating Unleaded Automotive
metal deactivators, dyes, deposit control additives,
Spark-IgnitionEngineFuelforElectronicPortFuelInjec-
demulsifiers, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.
tor Fouling
4
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 2.2 ANSI Standard:
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are MC96.1AmericanNationalStandardforTemperatureMea-
providedforinformationonlyandarenotconsideredstandard. surement Thermocouples
5
2.3 CARB Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Test Method for Evaluating Port Fuel Injector (PFI) Depos-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
its in Vehicle Engines
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6
2.4 Clean Air Act Amendment:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Public Law 101–549,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Title 1 –Provisions for Attainment and Maintenance of
Specificprecautionarystatementsaregiventhroughoutthistest
National Air Quality Standards
method.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method 3. Terminology
D6421, contact ASTM International Headquarters. Other properties of
3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.
significance to spark-ignition engine fuel are described in Specification
D4814.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
4
Subcommittee D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D6421–19. DOI: Available from California Air Resources Board, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento,
10.1520/D6421-20. CA95815. (Incorporated by reference in California Code of Regulations, Title 13,
2
“AProgram to Evaluate a Bench Scale Test Method to Determine the Deposit Section 2257.)
6
Forming Tendencies of Port Fuel Injectors,” available from Coordinating Research AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Council, Inc., 5755 North Point Parkway, Suite 265, Alpharetta, GA 30022, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
http://www.crcao.org. www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6421 − 19 D6421 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for
1
Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling by Bench Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6421; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a bench test procedure to evaluate the tendency of automotive spark-ignition engine fuel to foul
electronic port fuel injectors (PFI). The test method utilizes a bench apparatus equipped with Bosch injectors specified for use in
a 1985-1987 Chrysler 2.2 L turbocharged engine. This test method is based on a test procedure developed by the Coordinating
Research Council (CRC) for prediction of the tendency of spark-ignition engine fuel to form deposits in the small metering
2
clearances of injectors in a port fuel injection engine (see CRC Report No. 592).
1.2 The test method is applicable to spark-ignition engine fuels, which may contain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal
deactivators, dyes, deposit control additives, demulsifiers, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for
information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given throughout this test method.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Test Method D6421, contact ASTM International Headquarters. Other properties of significance
to spark-ignition engine fuel are described in Specification D4814.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D5500 Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit
Formation
D5598 Test Method for Evaluating Unleaded Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Electronic Port Fuel Injector Fouling
4
2.2 ANSI Standard:
MC 96.1 American National Standard for Temperature Measurement Thermocouples
5
2.3 CARB Standard:
Test Method for Evaluating Port Fuel Injector (PFI) Deposits in Vehicle Engines
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019April 1, 2020. Published November 2019April 2020. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20182019 as
D6421 – 18.D6421 – 19. DOI: 10.1520/D6421-19.10.1520/D6421-20.
2
“A Program to Evaluate a Bench Scale Test Method to Determine the Deposit Forming Tendencies of Port Fuel Injectors,” available from Coordinating Research Council,
Inc., 5755 North Point Parkway, Suite 265, Alpharetta, GA 30022, http://www.crcao.org.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
Available from California Air Resources Board, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, CA 95815. (Incorporated by reference in California Code of Regulations, Title 13, Section
2257.)
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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