ASTM D4814-20
(Specification)Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
ABSTRACT
This specification describes the various characteristics and requirements of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions in ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The spark-ignition engine fuels covered here are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers, and not fuels that contain an oxygenate as the primary component, such as fuel methanol (M85). This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal requirements, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of liquid automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines.
1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions. It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.
1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers and where gasoline is the primary component by volume in the blend. The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In many countries, regulatory authorities having jurisdiction have set laws and regulations that limit the concentration of oxygenates and certain other compounds found in spark-ignition engine fuel. In the United States, oxygenate types and concentrations are limited to those approved under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) substantially similar rule (see X3.3.1), waivers, and partial waivers including some restrictions on vehicle and equipment use (see X3.3.2). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, sulfur content, benzene content, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements.
1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel.2 However, in addition...
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4814 −20
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* some restrictions on vehicle and equipment use (see X3.3.2).
With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this speci-
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of require-
fication can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules,
ments of liquid automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped
regulations,andwaivers.RefertoAppendixX3fordiscussions
with spark-ignition engines.
of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous
1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of
contents, sulfur content, benzene content, deposit control
automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating
additive certification, and use of oxygenates in blends with
conditions.Itprovidesforavariationofthevolatilityandwater
unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of
tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal
the rules and additional requirements.
climatic changes at the locality where the fuel is used. For the
1.4 This specification does not address the emission char-
period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure
acteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Refor-
limits issued by the United States (U.S.) Environmental Pro-
mulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to
tectionAgency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area
lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its character-
except Alaska and Hawaii. Variation of the antiknock index
istics are described in the research report on reformulated
with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in
2
spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal
Appendix X1. This specification neither necessarily includes
requirements found in this research report, reformulated spark-
all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles,
ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements
nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform unsatisfactorily
found in this specification.
undercertainoperatingconditionsorincertainequipment.The
significance of each of the properties of this specification is 1.5 Thisspecificationrepresentsadescriptionofautomotive
shown in Appendix X1. fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under
continuous review, which can result in revisions based on
1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specifi-
changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a
cation are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as
combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore,
alcohols and ethers and where gasoline is the primary compo-
should refer to the latest edition.
nent by volume in the blend. The concentrations and types of
oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification
D4814, contact ASTM International Headquarters.
Thecompositionofbothunleadedandleadedfuelislimitedby
economic, legal, and technical consideration, but their
1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily appli-
properties, including volatility, are defined by this specifica-
cable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of
tion. In many countries, regulatory authorities having jurisdic-
fuel under consideration must first be identified in order to
tion have set laws and regulations that limit the concentration
select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a proce-
of oxygenates and certain other compounds found in spark-
dure for determining oxygenate concentration in mass percent.
ignition engine fuel. In the United States, oxygenate types and
Test Method D4815 also includes procedures for calculating
concentrations are limited to those approved under the U.S.
mass oxygen content and oxygenate concentration in volume
Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) substantially simi-
percent. Appendix X4 provides a procedure for calculating the
lar rule (see X3.3.1), waivers, and partial waivers including
mass oxygen content of a fuel using measured oxygenate type,
oxygenate concentration in volume percent, and measured
density or relative density of the fuel.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subc
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4814 − 19a D4814 − 20
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4814; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of liquid automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with
spark-ignition engines.
1.2 This specification describes various characteristics of automotive fuels for use over a wide range of operating conditions.
It provides for a variation of the volatility and water tolerance of automotive fuel in accordance with seasonal climatic changes
at the locality where the fuel is used. For the period May 1 through Sept. 15, the maximum vapor pressure limits issued by the
United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are specified for each geographical area except Alaska and Hawaii.
Variation of the antiknock index with seasonal climatic changes and altitude is discussed in Appendix X1. This specification neither
necessarily includes all types of fuels that are satisfactory for automotive vehicles, nor necessarily excludes fuels that can perform
unsatisfactorily under certain operating conditions or in certain equipment. The significance of each of the properties of this
specification is shown in Appendix X1.
1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols
and ethers and where gasoline is the primary component by volume in the blend. The concentrations and types of oxygenates are
not specifically limited in this specification. The composition of both unleaded and leaded fuel is limited by economic, legal, and
technical consideration, but their properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In many countries, regulatory
authorities having jurisdiction have set laws and regulations that limit the concentration of oxygenates and certain other compounds
found in spark-ignition engine fuel. In the United States, oxygenate types and concentrations are limited to those approved under
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) substantially similar rule (see X3.3.1), waivers, and partial waivers including
some restrictions on vehicle and equipment use (see X3.3.2). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification
can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules
relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, sulfur content, benzene content, deposit control additive certification, and
use of oxygenates in blends with unleaded gasoline. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional
requirements.
1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated
spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are
2
described in the research report on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. However, in addition to the legal requirements found
in this research report, reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel should meet the performance requirements found in this
specification.
1.5 This specification represents a description of automotive fuel as of the date of publication. The specification is under
continuous review, which can result in revisions based on changes in fuel, automotive requirements, or test methods, or a
combination thereof. All users of this specification, therefore, should refer to the latest edition.
NOTE 1—If there is any doubt as to the latest edition of Specification D4814, contact ASTM International Headquarters.
1.6 Tests applicable to gasoline are not necessarily applicable to its blends with oxygenates. Consequently, the type of fuel under
consideration must first be identified in order to select applicable tests. Test Method D4815 provides a procedure for determining
oxygenate concentration in mass percent. Test Method D4815 also includes procedures for calculating mass oxygen content and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, a
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.