ASTM C647-95
(Guide)Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies properties of mastics and coating finishes characterizing their performance as finishes for thermal insulation.
1.2 These properties relate to application and service. Each property is defined, and its significance and suggested test methods are described.
1.3 The properties appear in the following order in this guide. ParagraphApplication Properties6Consistency6.1Coverage6.2Build6.3Wet Flammability6.4Toxicity6.5Temperature and Humidity Range6.6Surface Wetting and Adhesion6.7Gap Filling and Bridging6.8Sizing and Sealing6.9Corrosion or Solvent Attack6.10Drying Time and Curing Time6.11Shrinkage6.12Storage Stability6.13Freeze-Thaw Stability6.14Service Properties7Specimen Preparation7.1Outdoor Durability7.2Environmental Resistance7.3Temperature Limits7.3.1Chemicals and Water Resistance7.3.2Mold and Mildew Resistance7.3.3Surface Flammability7.4Water-Vapor Transmission Rate7.5Adhesion7.6Damage Resistance7.7Impact Resistance7.7.1Abrasion Resistance7.7.2Stress Resistance7.8Flexure7.8.1Elongation7.8.2Color7.9Odor7.10Other Properties8
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: C 647 – 95
Standard Guide to
Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for
Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide identifies properties of mastics and coating 2.1 ASTM Standards:
finishes characterizing their performance as finishes for ther- C 419 Practice for Making and Curing Test Specimens of
mal insulation. Mastic Thermal Insulation Coatings
1.2 These properties relate to application and service. Each C 461 Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used with
property is defined, and its significance and suggested test Thermal Insulation
methods are described. C 488 Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests
1.3 The properties appear in the following order in this of Finishes for Thermal Insulation
guide. C 639 Test Method for Rheological (Flow) Properties of
Elastomeric Sealants
Paragraph
Application Properties 6
C 681 Test Method for Volatility of Oil- and Resin-Based,
Consistency 6.1
Knife-Grade, Channel Glazing Compounds
Coverage 6.2
C 733 Test Method for Volume Shrinkage of Latex Seal-
Build 6.3
Wet Flammability 6.4
ants
Toxicity 6.5
C 755 Practice for Selection of Vapor Retarders for Thermal
Temperature and Humidity Range 6.6
Insulation
Surface Wetting and Adhesion 6.7
Gap Filling and Bridging 6.8
C 792 Test Method for Effects of Heat Aging on Weight
Sizing and Sealing 6.9
Loss, Cracking, and Chalking of Elastomeric Sealants
Corrosion or Solvent Attack 6.10
Drying Time and Curing Time 6.11 D 36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-
Shrinkage 6.12
and-Ball Apparatus)
Storage Stability 6.13
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
Freeze-Thaw Stability 6.14
Service Properties 7 D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Specimen Preparation 7.1
Open Cup
Outdoor Durability 7.2
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Environmental Resistance 7.3
Temperature Limits 7.3.1 Closed Cup Tester
Chemicals and Water Resistance 7.3.2
D 529 Test Method for Accelerated Weathering Test Con-
Mold and Mildew Resistance 7.3.3
ditions and Procedures for Bituminous Materials (Carbon-
Surface Flammability 7.4
Water-Vapor Transmission Rate 7.5 Arc Method)
Adhesion 7.6
D 543 Test Method for Resistance of Plastics to Chemical
Damage Resistance 7.7
Reagents
Impact Resistance 7.7.1
Abrasion Resistance 7.7.2 D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Using the
Stress Resistance 7.8
Stormer Viscometer
Flexure 7.8.1
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
Elongation 7.8.2
Color 7.9
D 658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
Odor 7.10 7
Coatings By Air Blast Abrasive
Other Properties 8
D 747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Plastics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
information only.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
1 3
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-16 on Thermal Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.07.
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Thermal Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.04.
Insulation Finishes and Vapor Transmission. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
published as C 647 – 69. Last previous edition C 647 – 89a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 647
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi- D 4339 Test Method for the Determination of the Odor of
6 8
als Adhesives
D 822 Practice for Conducting Tests on Paint and Related E 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Coatings and Materials Using Filtered Open-Flame Building Materials
Carbon-Arc Light and Water Exposure Apparatus E 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-
D 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe- rials
sive Bonds E 162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
Coatings by Falling Abrasive E 659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
D 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Chemicals
Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus G 21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic
D 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Forma- Polymeric Materials to Fungi
tion of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
D 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated (Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
7 14
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments of Nonmetallic Materials
D 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Color Differences
3. Terminology
of Opaque Materials
D 1823 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols 3.1 General Definitions:
and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscom-
3.1.1 application properties—properties that influence or
eter
affect the effective installation of finishes.
D 1824 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols 3.1.2 coating—a liquid or semiliquid protective finish ca-
and Organosols at Low Shear Rates by Brookfield Vis-
pable of application to thermal insulation or other surfaces,
cometer usually by brush or spray, in moderate thickness, 30 mils (0.76
D 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
mm).
D 2196 Test Method for Rheological Properties of Non- 3.1.3 mastic—a protective finish of relatively thick consis-
Newtonian Materials By Rotational (Brookfield) Viscom-
tency capable of application to thermal insulation or other
eter surfaces usually by spray or trowel, in thick coats greater than
D 2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-
30 mils (0.03 in.) (0.76 mm).
Borne Coatings 3.1.4 service properties—properties that govern perfor-
D 2354 Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Tem-
mance of finishes after installation.
perature (MFT) of Emulsion Vehicles 3.2 Specific Definitions—Terms specific to Sections 6 and 7
D 2444 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Thermoplas-
are defined as appropriate.
tic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight)
4. Significance and Use
D 2453 Test Method for Shrinkage and Tenacity of Oil- and
Resin-Base Caulking Compounds
4.1 Each of the properties listed should be considered in
D 2485 Test Method for Evaluating Coatings for High
selecting materials for specific projects. A list of the selected
Temperature Service
properties with limiting values assigned will form a part of the
D 2507 Terminology of Rheological Properties of Gelled
product specification.
Rocket Propellants
4.2 All of the properties may not be pertinent in any specific
D 2939 Test Methods for Testing Emulsified Bitumens
situation, and all of the tests outlined may not be required. A
Used as Protective Coatings
condition to any specification must be an evaluation of the
D 3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Toler-
proposed use to determine which properties may be required.
ances
4.3 Membrane reinforcements are frequently specified and
D 3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface
used with mastics and coatings. Service properties of such
Disfigurement of Paint Films by Microbial (Fungal or
systems of finishes may be different from the unreinforced
Algal) Growth or Soil and Dirt Accumulation
finishes; therefore, it is essential to test specimens of the
D 3361 Practice for Operating Light- and Water-Exposure
reinforced system.
Apparatus (Unfiltered Carbon-Arc Type) for Testing Paint,
5. Classification of Mastics and Coatings
Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products Using the Dew
Cycle
5.1 Vapor-Retarder Type—A finish intended for service on
D 3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
insulated units that are operated below ambient temperature at
Tester
least part of the time.
NOTE 1—Practice C 755 may provide additional guidance.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06. 5.1.1 Outdoor service.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
5.1.2 Indoor service.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.
13 14
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
C 647
5.2 Vapor-Permeable Type—A finish intended for service labels must describe legally and adequately any health hazard
on insulated units that are operated above ambient temperature. involved in using the product.
(See 7.6.2. Sometimes referred to as a “breather” finish.) 6.5.3 Technical Evaluation—Test as recommended by
5.2.1 Outdoor service. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygien-
5.2.2 Indoor service. ists.
6.6 Temperature and Humidity Range (during application):
6. Application Properties
6.6.1 Definition—the limiting temperatures and relative hu-
6.1 Consistency:
midities between which practical application of finish can be
6.1.1 Definition—the resistance of a non-Newtonian mate-
made without adverse effect on service properties.
rial to deformation or flow.
6.6.2 Significance and Use—Application of finishes under
extremes of atmospheric temperature or humidity, or both, can
NOTE 2—Consistency is not a fundamental property but is made up of
viscosity, plasticity, and other rheological phenomena (see Terminology
hinder or prevent attainment of necessary coverage and proper
D 2507). In non-Newtonian behavior, usual for mastics and coatings for
cure, thus changing performance properties significantly. The
thermal insulation, the ratio of shearing stress to the rate of shearing strain
temperature of the surface to which the finish is applied also
varies with the shearing stress.
must be considered.
6.1.2 Significance and Use—Consistency determines
6.6.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Method D 2354, and
whether a mastic or coating can be troweled, applied by gloved
product application tests made at maximum and minimum
hand, brushed, or sprayed. It has a direct effect on application
values of temperature and humidity in stated design conditions.
costs.
6.7 Surface Wetting and Adhesion:
6.1.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C 461, C 639,
6.7.1 Definition—the mutual affinity of the bonding be-
D 562, D 1823, D 1824, and D 2196.
tween finish and the surface to which it is applied.
6.2 Coverage:
6.7.2 Significance and Use—Coatings and mastics must wet
6.2.1 Definition—the measure of surface area in square feet
and bond readily to insulation surfaces without special treat-
2 2
per gallon (m /litre) (coatings) or gallons per 100 ft (mastics)
ments or application techniques, or both. Ease and cost of
at which finish must be applied to obtain specified dry
application require good surface wetting and adhesion.
thickness and desired performance.
6.7.3 Technical Evaluation—Closely observe during finish
6.2.2 Significance and Use—The performance of finishes is
application under real or simulated field conditions.
related directly to the optimum dry thickness. Therefore,
6.8 Gap Filling and Bridging:
performance properties must be defined in terms of optimum
6.8.1 Definition—the ability to bridge, fill, and level joints
dry thickness, and this value must be established for applica-
and gaps in installed thermal insulation.
tion purposes in terms of coverage. Coverage data are essential
6.8.2 Significance and Use—Joints and gaps exist in in-
for estimating material quantities and costs.
stalled block and blanket insulation. If these are not filled or
6.2.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C 461.
bridged adequately, the protective value of the finish will be
6.3 Build:
impaired seriously.
6.3.1 Definition—the thickness to which a coating or mastic
6.8.3 Technical Evaluation—Apply finish over insulation in
finish can be applied without sagging, running, sliding, or
real or simulated field conditions over typical joints and gaps.
dripping.
Follow with destructive examination to determine effective-
6.3.2 Significance and Use—Finishes for thermal insulation
ness.
must be capable of application on vertical or overhead surfaces
6.9 Sizing and Sealing:
at specified coverage without subsequent reduction in thick-
6.9.1 Definition—the ability of a finish to resist excessive
ness, caused by excessive flow or slump. Build also determines
absorption into porous insulation.
the number of coats required for optimum dry thickness.
6.9.2 Significance and Use—Excessive penetration of fin-
6.3.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C 461.
ishes into insulation will affect adversely the performance of
6.4 Wet Flammability (during application):
the finish and the thermal conductivity of the insulation.
6.4.1 Definition—the relative ease of ignition and conse-
6.9.3 Technical Evaluation—Apply finish by film applicator
quent fire hazard of a finish during application, as indicated by
simultaneously on insulation and on a nonporous surface. After
its flash point, fire point, and fuel contribution.
curing, measure the dry film thickness on the surfaces to
6.4.2 Significance and Use—Finishes that contain volatile
establish the difference due to absorption.
flammable solvent may ignite readily from a source such as
6.10 Corrosion or Solvent Attack:
welding sparks and spatter, electrical short circuits, open
6.10.1 Definition—harmful effect on metals or thermal in-
flames, or personnel smoking. Such a fire could spread very
sulation from contact with finishes.
rapidly over freshly finished surfaces.
6.10.2 Significance and Use—Finishes must not attack in-
6.4.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods D 56, D 92,
sulation or adjacent metals to cause deterioration of the
D 93, D 1310, and D 3828.
installation.
6.5 Toxicity:
6.10.3 Technical Evaluation—Apply finish by film applica-
6.5.1 Definition—harmful physiological response to vapor
tor. After curing, examine for evidence of softening, blistering,
inhalation or skin contact with finishes during application.
6.5.2 Significance and Use—Finishes should not adversely
affect health of personnel making applications. Container ACGIH, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati, OH 45202.
C 647
or shrinkage of insulation, as well as for corros
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