ASTM E94-04(2010)

Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Within the present state of the radiographic art, this guide is generally applicable to available materials, processes, and techniques where industrial radiographic films are used as the recording media.
Limitations—This guide does not take into consideration special benefits and limitations resulting from the use of nonfilm recording media or readouts such as paper, tapes, xeroradiography, fluoroscopy, and electronic image intensification devices. Although reference is made to documents that may be used in the identification and grading, where applicable, of representative discontinuities in common metal castings and welds, no attempt has been made to set standards of acceptance for any material or production process. Radiography will be consistent in sensitivity and resolution only if the effect of all details of techniques, such as geometry, film, filtration, viewing, etc., is obtained and maintained.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers satisfactory X-ray and gamma-ray radiographic examination as applied to industrial radiographic film recording. It includes statements about preferred practice without discussing the technical background which justifies the preference. A bibliography of several textbooks and standard documents of other societies is included for additional information on the subject.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2010
• ICS: 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.01 - Radiology (X and Gamma) Method

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E94 − 04 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
1
Radiographic Examination
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE94;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2 safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This guide covers satisfactory X-ray and gamma-ray
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
radiographic examination as applied to industrial radiographic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
film recording. It includes statements about preferred practice
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See 1.4.)
withoutdiscussingthetechnicalbackgroundwhichjustifiesthe
1.6 If an NDT agency is used, the agency shall be qualified
preference. A bibliography of several textbooks and standard
in accordance with Practice E543.
documents of other societies is included for additional infor-
mation on the subject.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This guide covers types of materials to be examined; 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
radiographic examination techniques and production methods;
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
radiographic film selection, processing, viewing, and storage;
Testing
maintenance of inspection records; and a list of available
E746Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Re-
reference radiograph documents.
sponse of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
NOTE 1—Further information is contained in Guide E999, Practice E747Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Group-
E1025, Test Methods E1030, and E1032.
ing Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiology
1.3 Interpretation and Acceptance Standards—
E801Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Ex-
Interpretationandacceptancestandardsarenotcoveredbythis
amination of Electronic Devices
guide, beyond listing the available reference radiograph docu-
E999Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radio-
ments for castings and welds. Designation of accept - reject
graphic Film Processing
standards is recognized to be within the cognizance of product
E1025Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
specifications and generally a matter of contractual agreement
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
between producer and purchaser.
dicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
1.4 Safety Practices—Problems of personnel protection
E1030Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Me-
against X rays and gamma rays are not covered by this
tallic Castings
document. For information on this important aspect of
E1032Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weld-
radiography,referenceshouldbemadetothecurrentdocument
ments
of the National Committee on Radiation Protection and
E1079Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom-
Measurement, Federal Register, U.S. Energy Research and
eters
Development Administration, National Bureau of Standards,
E1254Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed
and to state and local regulations, if such exist. For specific
Industrial Radiographic Films
radiation safety information refer to NIST Handbook ANSI
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
43.3, 21 CFR 1020.40, and 29 CFR 1910.1096 or state
E1390Specification for Illuminators Used for Viewing In-
regulations for agreement states.
dustrial Radiographs
E1735TestMethodforDeterminingRelativeImageQuality
of Industrial Radiographic Film Exposed to X-Radiation
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
from4to25MeV
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology
(X and Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
3
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E94-04. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E0094-04R10. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Guide Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
SE-94 in Section V of that Code. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E94 − 04 (2010)
E1742Practice for Radiographic Examination 5.1.2 Voltage selection (X-ray),
E1815Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for 5.1.3 Source
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E94–04 Designation: E94 – 04 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
1
Radiographic Examination
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE94;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This guide covers satisfactory X-ray and gamma-ray radiographic examination as applied to industrial radiographic film
recording. It includes statements about preferred practice without discussing the technical background which justifies the
preference.Abibliography of several textbooks and standard documents of other societies is included for additional information
on the subject.
1.2 This guide covers types of materials to be examined; radiographic examination techniques and production methods;
radiographic film selection, processing, viewing, and storage; maintenance of inspection records; and a list of available reference
radiograph documents.
NOTE 1—Further information is contained in Guide E999, Practice E1025, Test Methods E1030, and E1032.
1.3 Interpretation and Acceptance Standards—Interpretation and acceptance standards are not covered by this guide, beyond
listingtheavailablereferenceradiographdocumentsforcastingsandwelds.Designationofaccept-rejectstandardsisrecognized
to be within the cognizance of product specifications and generally a matter of contractual agreement between producer and
purchaser.
1.4 Safety Practices—Problems of personnel protection against X rays and gamma rays are not covered by this document. For
informationonthisimportantaspectofradiography,referenceshouldbemadetothecurrentdocumentoftheNationalCommittee
on Radiation Protection and Measurement, Federal Register, U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration, National
Bureau of Standards, and to state and local regulations, if such exist. For specific radiation safety information refer to NIST
Handbook ANSI 43.3, 21 CFR 1020.40, and 29 CFR 1910.1096 or state regulations for agreement states.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (See 1.4.)
1.6 If an NDT agency is used, the agency shall be qualified in accordance with Practice E543.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E746 Practice for Determining Relative Image Quality Response of Industrial Radiographic Imaging Systems
E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiology
E801 Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiological Examination of Electronic Devices
E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film Processing
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
Used for Radiology
E1030 Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
E1032 Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weldments
E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitometers
E1254 Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed Industrial Radiographic Films
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology (X and
Gamma) Method.
Current edition approved Jan.June 1, 2004.2010. Published February 2004.November 2010. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20002004 as
E94-00.E94-04. DOI: 10.1520/E0094-04R10.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Guide SE-94 in Section V of that Code.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E94 – 04 (2010)
E1390 Specification for Illuminators Used for Viewing Industrial Radiographs
E1735 Test Method for Determining Relative Image Quality of Indu
...