ASTM C348-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means for determining the flexural strength of hydraulic cement mortars. Portions of the mortar prisms tested in flexure according to this test method may be used for the determination of compressive strength in accordance with Test Method C 349.
The values are determined from this test method for research or reference purposes only and are not used for determining compliance with specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of hydraulic-cement mortars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
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Designation: C348 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C778Specification for Sand
C1005Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheflexural
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
strength of hydraulic-cement mortars.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
C1437Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
IEEE/ASTM SI 10Standard for Use of the International
standard.
System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in
3. Summary of Test Method
SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for
Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI
3.1 The test mortar used consists of 1 part cement and 2.75
10, of measurements made in other units.
parts of sand proportion by mass. Portland or air-entraining
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the portland cements are mixed at specified water-cement ratios.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Water content of other cements is that sufficient to obtain a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- flowof110 65%with25dropsoftheflowtable.Testprisms,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 40 by 40 by 160-mm are molded by tamping in two layers.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh Prisms are cured one day in the molds and stripped until tested
hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause by center point loading.
2
chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
4. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 This test method provides a means for determining the
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flexural strength of hydraulic cement mortars. Portions of the
C109/C109MTest Method for Compressive Strength of
mortar prisms tested in flexure according to this test method
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
may be used for the determination of compressive strength in
Specimens)
accordance with Test Method C349.
C230/C230MSpecification for Flow Table for Use in Tests
4.2 The values are determined from this test method for
of Hydraulic Cement
research or reference purposes only and are not used for
C305Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
determining compliance with specification requirements.
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C349Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-
5. Apparatus
Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in
5.1 Weights, Weighing Devices and Glass Graduates, shall
Flexure)
conform to the requirements of Specification C1005. The
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
balance shall be evaluated for precision and accuracy at 2000
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
g.
5.2 Mixer,BowlandPaddle,anelectricallydrivenmechani-
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC01onCement
cal mixer of the type equipped with paddle and mixing bowl,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.27 on Strength.
as specified in the Apparatus Section of Practice C305.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C348–02. DOI:
5.3 Flow Table and Flow Mold, shall conform to Specifica-
10.1520/C0348-08.
tion C230/C230M.
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM
Standards, Vol 04.01.
5.4 Specimen Molds—Molds for the 40 by 40 by 160-mm
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
prism specimens shall be triple-gang molds and shall be so
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
designed that the specimens will be molded with their longi-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tudinal axes in a horizontal position. The molds shall be made
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C348 − 08
of a hard metal, not attacked by cement mortar, and with a Apparatus for making flexure tests of mortar specimens shall
Rockwell hardness of not less than HRB 55.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C348–02 Designation: C 348 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of hydraulic-cement mortars.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information only.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 ValuesinSIunitsshallbeobtainedbymeasurementinSIunitsorbyappropriateconversion,usingtheRulesforConversion
and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M TestMethodforCompressiveStrengthofHydraulicCementMortars(Using2-in.or[50-mm]CubeSpecimens)
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in Flexure)
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3
C778 Specification for Standard Sand Specification for Standard Sand
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Thetestmortarusedconsistsof1partcementand2.75partsofsandproportionbymass.Portlandorair-entrainingportland
cementsaremixedatspecifiedwater-cementratios.Watercontentofothercementsisthatsufficienttoobtainaflowof110 65%
with 25 drops of the flow table.Test prisms, 40 by 40 by 160-mm are molded by tamping in two layers. Prisms are cured one day
in the molds and stripped until tested by center point loading.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Thistestmethodprovidesameansfordeterminingtheflexuralstrengthofhydrauliccementmortars.Portionsofthemortar
prisms tested in flexure according to this test method may be used for the determination of compressive strength in accordance
with Test Method C349.
4.2 The values are determined from this test method for research or reference purposes only and are not used for determining
compliance with specification requirements.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Weights, Weighing Devices and Glass Graduates, shall conform to the Apparatus Section of Test Method C109/C109M. ,
shall conform to the requirements of Specification C1005. The balance shall be evaluated for precision and accuracy at 2000 g.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.27 on Strength.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally published as C348–54 T. Last previous edition C348–97.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C348–02.
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C348–08
5.2 Mixer, Bowl and Paddle, an electrically driven mechanic
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C348–02 Designation: C 348 – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of hydraulic-cement mortars.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information only.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 ValuesinSIunitsshallbeobtainedbymeasurementinSIunitsorbyappropriateconversion,usingtheRulesforConversion
and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and
2
tissue upon prolonged exposure. )
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C109/C109M TestMethodforCompressiveStrengthofHydraulicCementMortars(Using2-in.or[50-mm]CubeSpecimens)
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in Flexure)
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
3
C778 Specification for Standard Sand Specification for Standard Sand
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Thetestmortarusedconsistsof1partcementand2.75partsofsandproportionbymass.Portlandorair-entrainingportland
cementsaremixedatspecifiedwater-cementratios.Watercontentofothercementsisthatsufficienttoobtainaflowof110 65%
with 25 drops of the flow table.Test prisms, 40 by 40 by 160-mm are molded by tamping in two layers. Prisms are cured one day
in the molds and stripped until tested by center point loading.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Thistestmethodprovidesameansfordeterminingtheflexuralstrengthofhydrauliccementmortars.Portionsofthemortar
prisms tested in flexure according to this test method may be used for the determination of compressive strength in accordance
with Test Method C349.
4.2 The values are determined from this test method for research or reference purposes only and are not used for determining
compliance with specification requirements.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Weights, Weighing Devices and Glass Graduates, shall conform to the Apparatus Section of Test Method C109/C109M. ,
shall conform to the requirements of Specification C1005. The balance shall be evaluated for precision and accuracy at 2000 g.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.27 on Strength.
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published August 2002. Originally published as C348–54 T. Last previous edition C348–97.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C348–02.
2
See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 04.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C348–08
5.2 Mixer, Bowl and Paddle, an electrically driven mechanic
...
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