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ASTM D4171-21

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors

Standard Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors

ABSTRACT
This specification covers additives for aviation fuels used to inhibit ice formation in aircraft fuel systems. Three types of fuel system icing inhibitors are provided as follows: type I - ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, type II - anhydrous isopropanol, and type III - diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. The relative density, color, distillation range, non-volatile matter, and odor shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The water properties, heptanes miscibility, acidity, water miscibility, and flash point shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers additives for aviation fuels (for example, Specifications D910, D7547, and D1655) used to inhibit ice formation in aircraft fuel systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2021
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.J0.04 - Additives and Electrical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4171 −21
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and
Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversadditivesforaviationfuels(for
Coatings and Material
example, Specifications D910, D7547, and D1655) used to
D891 TestMethodsforSpecificGravity,Apparent,ofLiquid
inhibit ice formation in aircraft fuel systems.
Industrial Chemicals
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
standard.
ganic Liquids
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause
Cobalt Scale)
serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been dem-
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
3
onstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials.
Diluents (Withdrawn 2021)
Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing
D1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Sol-
products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
vents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
for additional information. The potential exists that selling
Products
mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited
D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl
by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales
Fischer Reagent Titration Method)
in their location.
D1476 Test Method for Heptane Miscibility of Lacquer
3
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Solvents (Withdrawn 2021)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
and Related Products
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
D1722 Test Method for Water Miscibility of Water-Soluble
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Solvents
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Cup Tester
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
2. Referenced Documents D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing
2
Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation Fuels
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D7547 Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Gasoline
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
Closed Cup Tester
E70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With the
1 Glass Electrode
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
E203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer
Subcommittee D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
Titration
Current edition approved April 1, 2021. Published April 2021. Originally
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4171 – 16a. DOI:
10.1520/D4171-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4171−21
TABLE 2 Detailed Requirements for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
E450 Test Method for Measurement of Color of Low-
(Type III)
Colored Clear Liquids Using the Hunterlab Color Differ-
3
Requi
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4171 − 16a D4171 − 21 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4171; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers additives for aviation fuels (for example, Specifications D910, D7547, and D1655) used to inhibit
ice formation in aircraft fuel systems.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 WARNING —WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous materialsubstance that
can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, may has been
demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken Use Caution when handling mercury
and mercury containing mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details
and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware (SDS) for additional
information. The potential exists that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be
prohibited by law.or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality
of sales in their location.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and
3
Material (Withdrawn 2021)
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of Liquid Industrial Chemicals
D910 Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016April 1, 2021. Published January 2017April 2021. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
D4171 – 16.D4171 – 16a. DOI: 10.1520/D4171-16A.10.1520/D4171-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4171 − 21
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
3
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and Diluents (Withdrawn 2021)
D1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
3
D1364 Test Method for Water in Volatile Solvents (Karl Fischer Reagent Titration Method) (Withdrawn 2021)
3
D1476 Test Method for Heptane Miscibility of Lacquer Solvents (Withdrawn 2021)
D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D1722 Test Method for Water Miscibility of Water-Soluble Solve
...

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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
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5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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