ASTM D2269-10(2015)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of White Mineral Oils by Ultraviolet Absorption

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ultraviolet absorption of white mineral oils is used to determine their suitability for use in food, drug, and cosmetic applications.  
5.2 The U.S. Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary specifications for mineral oil require the measurement of ultraviolet absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the examination and evaluation of NF and USP grade white mineral oils.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to oils containing additives soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) that exhibit fluorescence or fluorescence quenching properties.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1.1 – 7.1.3.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2015
• ICS: 75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0F - Absorption Spectroscopic Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2269 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of White Mineral Oils by Ultraviolet Absorption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2269; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 For definitions of terms and symbols relating to
absorption spectroscopy see Terminology E131. Terms of
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the exami-
particular significance are the following:
nationandevaluationofNFandUSPgradewhitemineraloils.
3.1.2 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromag-
1.2 This test method is not applicable to oils containing
netic waves.
additives soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) that exhibit
3.1.3 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is
fluorescence or fluorescence quenching properties.
transported in a beam of radiant energy.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the logarithm to the base 10 of the
standard.
reciprocal of the transmittance, T. In symbols:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
A 5log 1/T 52log T
~ !
10 10
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.2.5.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the absorbance divided by the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
product of sample pathlength and concentration. In symbols:
warning statements, see 7.1.1 – 7.1.3.
a 5A/bc
2. Referenced Documents
where A is the absorbance as defined in 3.2.1,bisthe
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sample pathlength as defined in 3.2.4, and c is the concentra-
D1840Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons inAvia-
tion as defined in 3.2.3.
tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
3.2.3 concentration, c, n—the quantity of sample expressed
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
in grams per litre.
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
3.2.4 sample pathlength, b, n—the distance in centimetres,
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
measuredinthedirectionofpropagationofthebeamofradiant
2.2 Other Standard:
energy, between the surfaces of the specimen on which the
U.S. Pharmacopeia USP XIII/National Formulary (NF
3 radiantenergyisincidentandthesurfaceofthespecimenfrom
XVIII)
which it is emergent.
3. Terminology
3.2.5 transmittance, T, n—the ratio of the radiant power
transmitted by the mineral oil extract in its cell to the radiant
3.1 Definitions:
power transmitted by the solvent control in its cell. Expressed
by:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
T 5P /P
e c
Subcommittee D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published June 20105. Originally
where P is the radiant power transmitted by the mineral
e
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2269–10. DOI:
oil extract and P is the radiant power transmitted by the
c
10.1520/D2269-10R15.
2 solvent control.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 4. Summary of Test Method
the ASTM website.
3 4.1 Asampleofoilisextractedwithdimethylsulfoxideand
Available from The United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook
Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852. the ultraviolet absorbance of the extract is determined in the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2269 − 10 (2015)
NOTE 3—This solvent can be purified by percolation through a 1.2m
range from 260nm to 350nm. The absorbance is compared
column of type CAL 1.68mm by 0.420mm (12mesh by 40mesh)
with that of a naphthalene standard.
activated charcoal. The column is 25mm in diameter, drawn to 6.4mm
in diameter at the bottom and has a reservoir at the top for containing the
5. Significance and Use
liquid.Glasswoolisplacedinthebottomofthecolumn,andabout13mm
5.1 The ultraviolet absorption of white mineral oils is used of 0.707 to 0.074 (25 to 200 mesh) or 0.0149 to 0.074 (100 to 200 mesh)
silicagelisplacedontopofit.Thecolumnisfilledwithactivatedcharcoal
to determine their suitability for use in food, drug, and
and the spectroscopic solvent poured into the reservoir and allowed to
cosmetic applications.
percolate through the charcoal at atmospheric pressure. The purified
5.2 The U.S. Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary solvent is collected at the bottom of the column and stored in glass-
stoppered bottles as it is very hygroscopic and reacts with some metal
specifications for mineral oil require the measurement of
containers in the presence of air.
ultraviolet absorption.
7.2 Naphthalene—high-purity, 99+%.
6. Apparatus
7.3 Standard Reference Solution—A solution containing
6.1 Spectrophotometer,equippedtohandleliquidsamplesin
7.0mg of naphthalene per litre of purified isooctane.
1cm path length cells. The instrument shall be capable of
7.4 Standard Reference Spectrum—The absorbance curve
measuring absorbance with a repeatability of 61.0% or better
obtained by scanning the standard reference solution in the
from an average at the 0.4 absorbance level in the spectral
range from 260nm to 350nm against isooctane of the same
regionnear290nmwithanominalbandwidthof1nmorless.
spectral purity as that used to prepare the standard (7.1.2).
NOTE 1—For recommended methods of testing spectrophotometers to
7.5 Standard Reference Absorbance— The absorbance at
be used in this test method refer to Practice E275.
275nm of the standard reference spectrum.
6.2 Fused Quartz Cells,two,havingpathlengthsof1.00cm
NOTE 4—This absorbance will be approximately 0.30.
6 0.005cm, or better. The distance in centimetres does not
include the thickness of the cell in which the sample is
8. Procedure
contained.
8.1 Transfer 25mLof the mineral oil and 25mLof hexane
6.3 Separatory Funnels, glass-stoppered, of sufficient ca-
to a separatory funnel and mix. Add 5.0mL of dimethyl
pacity to perform the necessary extractions in the procedure,
sulfoxide and shake the mixture vigorously for at least 1min.
equipped with TFE-fluorocarbon stopcocks or other suitable
Allow to stand until the lower layer is clear.
stopcocks that will not contaminate the solvents used.
8.2 Transfer the lower layer to a separatory funnel,
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2269 − 10 D2269 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of White Mineral Oils by Ultraviolet Absorption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2269; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the examination and evaluation of NF and USP grade white mineral oils.
1.2 This test method is not applicable to oils containing additives soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) that exhibit
fluorescence or fluorescence quenching properties.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.1.1 – 7.1.3.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
2.2 Other Standard:
U.S. Pharmacopeia USP XIII/National Formulary (NF XVIII)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption spectroscopy see Terminology E131. Terms of particular
significance are the following:
3.1.2 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromagnetic waves.
3.1.3 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is transported in a beam of radiant energy.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 absorbance, A, n—the logarithm to the base 10 of the reciprocal of the transmittance, T. In symbols:
A5 log ~1/T!52log T
10 10
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.2.5.
3.2.2 absorptivity, a, n—the absorbance divided by the product of sample pathlength and concentration. In symbols:
a5 A/bc
where A is the absorbance as defined in 3.2.1, b is the sample pathlength as defined in 3.2.4, and c is the concentration as
defined in 3.2.3.
3.2.3 concentration, c, n—the quantity of sample expressed in grams per litre.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010April 1, 2015. Published June 2010June 20105. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D2269–99(2005).D2269 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D2269-10.10.1520/D2269-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from The United States Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2269 − 10 (2015)
3.2.4 sample pathlength, b, n—the distance in centimetres, measured in the direction of propagation of the beam of radiant
energy, between the surfaces of the specimen on which the radiant energy is incident and the surface of the specimen from which
it is emergent.
3.2.5 transmittance, T, n—the ratio of the radiant power transmitted by the mineral oil extract in its cell to the radiant power
transmitted by the solvent control in its cell. Expressed by:
T5 P /P
e c
where P is the radiant power transmitted by the mineral oil extract and P is the radiant power transmitted by the solvent
e c
control.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A sample of oil is extracted with dimethyl sulfoxide and the ultraviolet absorbance of the extract is determined in the range
from 260260 nm to 350 nm. 350 nm. The absorbance is compared with that of a naphthalene standard.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The ultraviolet absorption of white mineral oils is used to determine their suitability for use in food, drug, and cosmetic
applications.
5.2 The U.S. Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary specifications for mineral oil require the measurement of ultraviolet
absorption.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Spectrophotometer, equipped to handle liquid samples in 1-cm1 cm path length cells. The instrument shall be capable of
measuring absorbance with a repeatability of 61.0 % or better from an average at the 0.4 absorbance level in the spectral region
near 290 nm 290 nm with a nominal band width of 1 nm 1 nm or less.
NOTE 1—For recommended methods of testing spectrophotometers to be used in this test method refer to Practice E275.
6.2 Fused Quartz Cells, two, having path lengths of 1.001.00 cm 6 0.005 cm, 0.005 cm, or better. The distance in centimetres
does not include the thickness of the cell in which the sample is contained.
6.3 Separatory Funnels, glass-stoppered, of sufficient capacity to perform the necessary extractions in the procedure, equipped
with TFE-fluorocarbon stopcocks or other suitable stopcocks that will not contaminate the solvents used.
7. Reagents and Materials
7.1 Solvents:
7.1.1 Normal Hexane—Pure grade, having an ultraviolet light absorbance not exceeding 0.02 down to 260 nm 260 nm when
measured in a 1-cm1 cm cell (Warning —Normal hexane is extremely flammable, harmful if inhaled. May produce nerve cell
damage.) The purity shall be such that the solvent control as defined in 8.3 shall have an absorbance curve compared to water
showing no extraneous impurity peaks and no absorbance exceeding that of dimethyl sulfoxide compared to water at any
wavelength in the range 260260 nm to 350 nm, 350 nm, inclusive.
7.1.2 Spectroscopic Grade 2,2,4–Trimethylpentane (Isooctane)—(Warning—Isooctane is extremely flammable, harmful if
inhaled.)
NOTE 2—For a suitable isooctane and a procedure for preparing spectroscopic solvents from commercially available stocks, see Test Method D1840.
7.1.3 Dimethyl Sulfoxide—(Warning—Dimethyl sulfoxide is combustible. Also it is rapidly absorbed through skin.) For use as
spectroscopic solvent (see Note 3). Pure grade, clear, water white, 99.9 % dimethyl sulfoxide, m.p. 18.5°C,18.5 °C, with an
absorbance curve compared to water not exceeding 1.0 at 264 nm 264 nm and showing no extraneous impurity peaks in the
wavelength range up to 350 nm 350 nm when measured through a path length of 1 cm.1 cm.
NOTE 3—This solvent can be purified by percolation through a 1.2-m1.2 m column of type CAL 1.68 by 0.420 mm (12 by 40 mesh) 1.68 mm by
0.420 mm (12 mesh by 40 mesh) activated charcoal. The column is 25 mm 25 mm in diameter, drawn to 6.4 mm 6.4 mm in diameter at the bottom and
has a reservoir at the top for containing the liquid. Glass wool is placed in t
...