ASTM D7069-04(2015)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Field Quality Assurance in a Groundwater Sampling Event
Standard Guide for Field Quality Assurance in a Groundwater Sampling Event
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Field QA demonstrates the effectiveness of field quality control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among sampling locations and events.
4.2 This guide should be used by a professional or technician who has training or experience in groundwater sampling.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during the sampling of a groundwater monitoring well. QA is any action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met by following standards and procedures. Following QA practices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary to follow additional or different QA practices from those listed in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory requirements.
1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures.
1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7069 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Field Quality Assurance in a Groundwater Sampling Event
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during
Used at Waste Sites
the sampling of a groundwater monitoring well. QA is any
D5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment
action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met
Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
by following standards and procedures. Following QA prac-
D5903 Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwater
tices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated
Sampling Event
in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary
D6089 Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Sampling
to follow additional or different QApractices from those listed
Event
in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality
D6452 Guide for Purging Methods for Wells Used for
objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory require-
Groundwater Quality Investigations
ments.
D6517 Guide for Field Preservation of Groundwater
1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field
Samples
and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures.
D6564 Guide for Field Filtration of Groundwater Samples
1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the
D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Inves-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tigations (Withdrawn 2011)
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot
specification, refer to Terminology D653.
replace education or experience and should be used in con-
junction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
3.2.1 Note that these are basic definitions. Information on
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
the purposes of the various QA samples is provided in section
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
5.
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
3.2.2 quality assurance (QA)—actions taken to ensure that
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the
standards and procedures are adhered to and that delivered
title of this document means only that the document has been
products or services meet performance requirements (reference
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1).
3.2.3 Field Duplicates—a set of samples that are collected
2. Referenced Documents
close in time and space and in a manner so that the samples are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thought to be representative of the ambient water composition
at the time of collection.
3.2.4 Field Split Samples —samples obtained by dividing
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
one sample into two or more subsamples either before or after
Vadose Zone Investigations.
sample preservation and are subject to identical handling and
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originally
analysis.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7069–04 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D7069-04R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7069 − 04 (2015)
3.2.5 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—laboratory water that duplicate sample results are also an indication of the reproduc-
is exposed to the same environmental conditions as the ibility of the sampling procedures.
samples.
5.1.2 Field Split Samples—Field split samples are collected
3.2.6 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—deionized water into a single container, then split between two or more
that is passed sequentially through each component of the
containers. Splits should not be taken when the action of
equipment system used for collecting and processing the
splitting could affect the concentration of the analyte(s) of
environmental samples.
interest. Results of split sample analyses can be used to
compare the data generated by different laboratories or differ-
3.2.7 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—laboratory-grade water
ent analytical methods.
that is poured into the sample bottle at the laboratory prior to
the sampling event and remains unopened as is travels with the
5.1.3 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—This type of QA
sample containers to the field and is stored and shipped with
sample is a container of laboratory water which is opened in
the samples.
the field to expose the water to field conditions during
3.2.8 Microbiological Blank or Sterile Container Blank— sampling. This QAsample is used to determine contamination
deionized water in a sterile container that is taken to the field
of samples from atmospheric conditions during sampling. The
and opened prior to being shipped to the laboratory with the
lid is also removed to add the same preservatives found in the
other groundwater samples.
groundwatersamples.SomeQAprogramsmayalsorequirethe
field blank be passed through the sampling equipment.
3.2.9 Temperature Blank or Temperature Control—
containerized water that is kept with the samples from the time
5.1.4 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—This type of QA
ofcollectionuntilthesamplesarerefrigeratedatthelaboratory.
sample is a container of laboratory water that is passed through
each piece of sampling equipment after it has been decontami-
3.2.10 Matrix Spike—a groundwater sample to which a
nated. The number of equipment blanks is determined by the
spike solution of known concentrations of selected analytes is
added either in the field or in the laboratory. types and amount of sampling equipment used in the ground-
water sampling trip. The exact number of equipment blanks
4. Significance and Use
and the procedure for collecting the equipment blank(s) should
be specified in the SAP. Equipment blank results indicate if the
4.1 Field QAdemonstrates the effectiveness of field quality
control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of contaminants have been introduced to the samples by the
statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and transfer of residuals on the sampling equipment between
in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent
sampling locations due to incomplete decontamination. Equip-
procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among
ment blanks are not required if dedicated or disposable
sampling locations and events.
sampling equipment is used.
5.1.5 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—Trip blanks are prepared
4.2 This guide should be used by a professional or techni-
cian who has training or experience in groundwater sampling. and sealed in the laboratory prior to the sampling event. These
blanks contain laboratory water with preservatives as required.
5. Procedure
Theblanksarenotunsealeduntiltheyarereadytobeanalyz
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7069 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Field Quality Assurance in a Groundwater Sampling Event
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during
Used at Waste Sites
the sampling of a groundwater monitoring well. QA is any
D5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment
action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met
Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
by following standards and procedures. Following QA prac-
D5903 Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwater
tices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated
Sampling Event
in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary
D6089 Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Sampling
to follow additional or different QA practices from those listed
Event
in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality
D6452 Guide for Purging Methods for Wells Used for
objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory require-
Groundwater Quality Investigations
ments.
D6517 Guide for Field Preservation of Groundwater
1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field
Samples
and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures.
D6564 Guide for Field Filtration of Groundwater Samples
1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the
D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Inves-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tigations (Withdrawn 2011)
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot
specification, refer to Terminology D653.
replace education or experience and should be used in con-
junction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
3.2.1 Note that these are basic definitions. Information on
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
the purposes of the various QA samples is provided in section
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
5.
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
3.2.2 quality assurance (QA)—actions taken to ensure that
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the
standards and procedures are adhered to and that delivered
title of this document means only that the document has been
products or services meet performance requirements (reference
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1).
3.2.3 Field Duplicates—a set of samples that are collected
2. Referenced Documents
close in time and space and in a manner so that the samples are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thought to be representative of the ambient water composition
at the time of collection.
3.2.4 Field Split Samples —samples obtained by dividing
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
one sample into two or more subsamples either before or after
Vadose Zone Investigations.
sample preservation and are subject to identical handling and
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015. Published January 2015. Originally
analysis.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7069–04 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D7069-04R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7069 − 04 (2015)
3.2.5 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—laboratory water that duplicate sample results are also an indication of the reproduc-
is exposed to the same environmental conditions as the
ibility of the sampling procedures.
samples.
5.1.2 Field Split Samples—Field split samples are collected
3.2.6 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—deionized water into a single container, then split between two or more
that is passed sequentially through each component of the containers. Splits should not be taken when the action of
equipment system used for collecting and processing the
splitting could affect the concentration of the analyte(s) of
environmental samples.
interest. Results of split sample analyses can be used to
compare the data generated by different laboratories or differ-
3.2.7 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—laboratory-grade water
ent analytical methods.
that is poured into the sample bottle at the laboratory prior to
the sampling event and remains unopened as is travels with the
5.1.3 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—This type of QA
sample containers to the field and is stored and shipped with
sample is a container of laboratory water which is opened in
the samples.
the field to expose the water to field conditions during
sampling. This QA sample is used to determine contamination
3.2.8 Microbiological Blank or Sterile Container Blank—
deionized water in a sterile container that is taken to the field of samples from atmospheric conditions during sampling. The
and opened prior to being shipped to the laboratory with the
lid is also removed to add the same preservatives found in the
other groundwater samples.
groundwater samples. Some QA programs may also require the
field blank be passed through the sampling equipment.
3.2.9 Temperature Blank or Temperature Control—
containerized water that is kept with the samples from the time
5.1.4 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—This type of QA
of collection until the samples are refrigerated at the laboratory.
sample is a container of laboratory water that is passed through
each piece of sampling equipment after it has been decontami-
3.2.10 Matrix Spike—a groundwater sample to which a
nated. The number of equipment blanks is determined by the
spike solution of known concentrations of selected analytes is
types and amount of sampling equipment used in the ground-
added either in the field or in the laboratory.
water sampling trip. The exact number of equipment blanks
4. Significance and Use
and the procedure for collecting the equipment blank(s) should
4.1 Field QA demonstrates the effectiveness of field quality be specified in the SAP. Equipment blank results indicate if the
control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of contaminants have been introduced to the samples by the
statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and transfer of residuals on the sampling equipment between
in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent sampling locations due to incomplete decontamination. Equip-
procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among
ment blanks are not required if dedicated or disposable
sampling locations and events.
sampling equipment is used.
4.2 This guide should be used by a professional or techni- 5.1.5 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—Trip blanks are prepared
cian who has training or experience in groundwater sampling. and sealed in the laboratory prior to the sampling event. These
blanks contain laboratory water with preservatives as required.
5. Procedure
The blanks are not unsealed until they are ready to be analyzed.
5.1 Field QA Samples—There are several types of QA Trip blanks accompany the other sample contain
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7069 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D7069 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Field Quality Assurance in a Groundwater Sampling Event
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during the
sampling of a groundwater monitoring well. QA is any action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met by following
standards and procedures. Following QA practices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated in a court of law. Under
certain conditions, it may be necessary to follow additional or different QA practices from those listed in this guide. QA practices
should be based upon data quality objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory requirements.
1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field and does not refer to laboratory QA proceduresprocedures.
1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures are applicable
in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique
aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM
consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
D5903 Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwater Sampling Event
D6089 Guide for Documenting a Groundwater Sampling Event
D6452 Guide for Purging Methods for Wells Used for Groundwater Quality Investigations
D6517 Guide for Field Preservation of Groundwater Samples
D6564 Guide for Field Filtration of Groundwater Samples
D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Investigations
(Withdrawn 2011)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 Note that these are basic definitions. Information on the purposes of the various QA samples is provided in section 5.
3.2.2 quality assurance (QA)—actions taken to ensure that standards and procedures are adhered to and that delivered products
or services meet performance requirements (reference 1).
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and Vadose
Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010Jan. 1, 2015. Published September 2010January 2015. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as D7069–04. –04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D7069-04R10.10.1520/D7069-04R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7069 − 04 (2015)
3.2.3 Field Duplicates—a set of samples that are collected close in time and space and in a manner so that the samples are
thought to be representative of the ambient water composition at the time of collection.
3.2.4 Field Split Samples —samples obtained by dividing one sample into two or more subsamples either before or after sample
preservation and are subject to identical handling and analysis.
3.2.5 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—laboratory water that is exposed to the same environmental conditions as the samples.
3.2.6 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—deionized water that is passed sequentially through each component of the equipment
system used for collecting and processing the environmental samples.
3.2.7 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—laboratory-grade water that is poured into the sample bottle at the laboratory prior to the
sampling event and remains unopened as is travels with the sample containers to the field and is stored and shipped with the
samples.
3.2.8 Microbiological Blank or Sterile Container Blank—deionized water in a sterile container that is taken to the field and
opened prior to being shipped to the laboratory with the other groundwater samples.
3.2.9 Temperature Blank or Temperature Control—containerized water that is kept with the samples from the time of collection
until the samples are refrigerated at the laboratory.
3.2.10 Matrix Spike—a groundwater sample to which a spike solution of known concentrations of selected analytes is added
either in the field or in the laboratory.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Field QA demonstrates the effectiveness of field quality control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of
statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent procedures,
increasing the validity of data comparison among sampling locations and events.
4.2 This guide should be used by a professional or technician who has training or experience in groundwater sampling.
5. Procedure
5.1 Field QA Samples. Samples—There are several types of QA samples including duplicates, blanks, temperature controls, and
matrix spikes. The numbers and types of QA samples to be collected should be specified in the Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP).
QA samples that are collected from monitoring wells should be obtained using the same method of collection as the other samples.
The same preservatives should be used for both the groundwater samples and the associated QA groundwater samples.
5.1.1 Field duplicate—Duplicate—The field duplicate is an independent sample collected as close as possible to the location of
a sample that is part of the sampling scheme at approximately the same time as the sampling scheme sample. It is a widely accepted
practice to collect one set of field duplicates for every ten samples or at least one set per sampling event if less than ten samples
are collected. The field duplicate is analyzed for the same parameters as the original sample and therefore may comprise a set of
sample containers. Duplicates should be collected in the same order each time, such as following the collection of the original
groundwater sample. This QA sample is used to assess the analytical precision by comparing the relative percent difference in
values between the sample concentration and the sample duplicate concentration. The field duplicate sample results are also an
indication of the reproducibility of the sampling procedures.
5.1.2 Field Split Samples—Field split samples are collected into a single container, then split between two or more containers.
Splits should not be taken when the action of splitting could affect the concentration of the analyte(s) of interest. Results of split
sample analyses can be used to compare the data generated by different laboratories or different analytical methods.
5.1.3 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—This type of QA sample is a conta
...
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