ASTM D7069-04(2010)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Field Quality Assurance in a Groundwater Sampling Event
Standard Guide for Field Quality Assurance in a Groundwater Sampling Event
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Field QA demonstrates the effectiveness of field quality control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among sampling locations and events.
This guide should be used by a professional or technician who has training or experience in groundwater sampling.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during the sampling of a groundwater monitoring well. QA is any action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met by following standards and procedures. Following QA practices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary to follow additional or different QA practices from those listed in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory requirements.
1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures
1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation: D7069 − 04(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Guide for
Field Quality Assurance in a Groundwater Sampling Event
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7069; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This guide covers the quality assurance (QA) methods
D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment
that may be used to assure the validity of data obtained during
Used at Waste Sites
the sampling of a groundwater monitoring well. QA is any
D5608 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment
action taken to ensure that performance requirements are met
Used at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites
by following standards and procedures. Following QA prac-
D5903 Guide for Planning and Preparing for a Groundwater
tices becomes even more critical if the data must be validated
Sampling Event
in a court of law. Under certain conditions, it may be necessary
D6089 Guide for Documenting a Ground-Water Sampling
to follow additional or different QApractices from those listed
Event
in this guide. QA practices should be based upon data quality
D6452 Guide for Purging Methods for Wells Used for
objectives, site-specific conditions, and regulatory require-
Ground-Water Quality Investigations
ments.
D6517 Guide for Field Preservation of Groundwater
1.2 This standard addresses QA procedures used in the field
Samples
and does not refer to laboratory QA procedures
D6564 Guide for Field Filtration of Ground-Water Samples
1.3 This standard also does not purport to address all of the
D6771 Practice for Low-Flow Purging and Sampling for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Wells and Devices Used for Ground-Water Quality Inves-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tigations (Withdrawn 2011)
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard provides guidance for selecting and
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
performing various field QA procedures. This document cannot
specification, refer to Terminology D653.
replace education or experience and should be used in con-
junction with professional judgement. Not all of the procedures 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
are applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
3.2.1 Note that these are basic definitions. Information on
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
the purposes of the various QA samples is provided in section
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
5.
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
3.2.2 quality assurance (QA)—actions taken to ensure that
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the
standards and procedures are adhered to and that delivered
title of this document means only that the document has been
products or services meet performance requirements (reference
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1).
3.2.3 Field Duplicates—a set of samples that are collected
2. Referenced Documents
close in time and space and in a manner so that the samples are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thought to be representative of the ambient water composition
at the time of collection.
3.2.4 Field Split Samples —samples obtained by dividing
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and
one sample into two or more subsamples either before or after
Vadose Zone Investigations.
sample preservation and are subject to identical handling and
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally
analysis.
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D7069–04. DOI:
10.1520/D7069-04R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7069 − 04 (2010)
3.2.5 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—laboratory water that duplicate sample results are also an indication of the reproduc-
is exposed to the same environmental conditions as the ibility of the sampling procedures.
samples.
5.1.2 Field Split Samples—Field split samples are collected
3.2.6 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—deionized water into a single container, then split between two or more
that is passed sequentially through each component of the
containers. Splits should not be taken when the action of
equipment system used for collecting and processing the
splitting could affect the concentration of the analyte(s) of
environmental samples.
interest. Results of split sample analyses can be used to
compare the data generated by different laboratories or differ-
3.2.7 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—laboratory-grade water
ent analytical methods.
that is poured into the sample bottle at the laboratory prior to
the sampling event and remains unopened as is travels with the
5.1.3 Field Blank or Ambient Blank—This type of QA
sample containers to the field and is stored and shipped with
sample is a container of laboratory water which is opened in
the samples.
the field to expose the water to field conditions during
3.2.8 Microbiological Blank or Sterile Container Blank— sampling. This QAsample is used to determine contamination
deionized water in a sterile container that is taken to the field
of samples from atmospheric conditions during sampling. The
and opened prior to being shipped to the laboratory with the
lid is also removed to add the same preservatives found in the
other groundwater samples.
groundwatersamples.SomeQAprogramsmayalsorequirethe
field blank be passed through the sampling equipment.
3.2.9 Temperature Blank or Temperature Control—
containerized water that is kept with the samples from the time
5.1.4 Equipment Blank or Rinsate Blank—This type of QA
ofcollectionuntilthesamplesarerefrigeratedatthelaboratory.
sample is a container of laboratory water that is passed through
each piece of sampling equipment after it has been decontami-
3.2.10 Matrix Spike—a groundwater sample to which a
nated. The number of equipment blanks is determined by the
spike solution of known concentrations of selected analytes is
added either in the field or in the laboratory. types and amount of sampling equipment used in the ground-
water sampling trip. The exact number of equipment blanks
4. Significance and Use
and the procedure for collecting the equipment blank(s) should
be specified in the SAP. Equipment blank results indicate if the
4.1 Field QAdemonstrates the effectiveness of field quality
control procedures. Effective QA facilitates the collection of contaminants have been introduced to the samples by the
statistically significant data that is defendable scientifically and transfer of residuals on the sampling equipment between
in a court of law. QA also involves the use of consistent
sampling locations due to incomplete decontamination. Equip-
procedures, increasing the validity of data comparison among
ment blanks are not required if dedicated or disposable
sampling locations and events.
sampling equipment is used.
5.1.5 Trip Blank or Travel Blank—Trip blanks are prepared
4.2 This guide should be used by a professional or techni-
cian who has training or experience in groundwater sampling. and sealed in the laboratory prior to the sampling event. These
blanks contain laboratory water with preservatives as required.
5. Procedure
Theblanksarenotunsealeduntiltheyarereadytobeanalyzed.
5.1 Field QA Samples. There are several
...
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