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ASTM F2685-07

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Training of a Level II Land Search Team Member

Standard Guide for Training of a Level II Land Search Team Member

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide establishes the minimum standard for training land search team members as it relates to their general, field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience. A person trained to this guide is a Level II land search team member.
Every person who is identified as a Level II land search team member shall have met the requirements of this guide.
This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training standards for Level II land search team members
It is up to the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) to determine the depth or detail of training to meet these needs.
Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.
This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Level II land search team member, but it can be used to develop a training document or program.
This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Level II land search team member or AHJ.
This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training a Level II land search team member. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.
The knowledge and skills requirements presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.
Except where a physical skill needs to be shown, it is up to the AHJ, instructor, evaluator, or tester to determine the best way to evaluate a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or by some combination of the three.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for Level II land search team members as it relates to their general, field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience.
1.2 A Level II land search team member searches on the surface of the land only. This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels).
1.3 A Level II search team member can be utilized as: a field team leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a hasty searcher, and to establish segments in the field. No knots, rope, litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Level II.
1.4 Level II search team members are eligible to be members of type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F 1993.
1.5 Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to this standard are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.7 Further training may be required before a Level II land search team member can actually participate on a particular kind of search team, depending on the authority having jurisdictions regulations or policies.
1.8 Land search team members are categorized by levels in which level one is the basic or entrance level and the numbers increase as the requirements increase.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2007
ICS
13.200 - Accident and disaster control
Technical Committee
F32 - Search and Rescue
Drafting Committee
F32.03 - Personnel, Training and Education
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM F3098-16 - Standard Guide for Training of Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3222-16 - Standard Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Rescue Standards and Guides
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1993-16(2022) - Standard Classification System of Human Land Search and Rescue Resources
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3193-16 - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3144-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Trailing Search Dog Crews or Teams
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3070-14(2022) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Area Search Dog Crews or Teams
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM F3024-13(2022) - Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search and Rescue (SAR) Strike Team/Task Force Leader
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2958-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Technician
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007

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ASTM F2685-07 - Standard Guide for Training of a Level II Land Search Team Member
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2685 − 07
StandardGuide for
Training of a Level II Land Search Team Member
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2685; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard 2.1 ASTM Standards:
for Level II land search team members as it relates to their F1422 Guide for Using the Incident Command System
general, field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and expe- Framework in Managing Search and Rescue Operations
rience. F1490 Terminology Relating to Search and Rescue (With-
drawn 2011)
1.2 A Level II land search team member searches on the
F1633 Guide for Techniques in Land Search
surface of the land only. This guide does not provide the
F1767 Guide for Forms Used for Search and Rescue
minimum training requirements for searching in partially or
F1993 Classification System of Human Search and Rescue
fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or
Resources
underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels).
F2209 Guide for Training of Level I Land Search Team
1.3 ALevelIIsearchteammembercanbeutilizedas:afield
Member
team leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a hasty searcher,
and to establish segments in the field. No knots, rope, litter, or 3. Terminology
other rescue skills are required of a Level II.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 Level II search team members are eligible to be mem- 3.1.1 land search team member Level II, n—a member of a
bers of type II search teams or crews as defined in Classifica-
land search team who, as a minimum, meets the requirements
tion F1993. of this guide.
1.5 Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to 3.1.2 track log, n—a recording, in a GPS unit, of informa-
tion about points along a route, including time, location, and
this standard are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and
Kind C (mountainous). elevation.
3.1.3 way point, n—locations or landmarks recorded and
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
stored in a GPS unit.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 bump line, n—the designated line or physical barrier
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that is used to mark the end of a search segment.
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
3.1.5 wilderness, n—setting in which the delivery of patient
1.7 Further training may be required before a Level II land
care by SAR personnel is adversely affected by logistical
search team member can actually participate on a particular
complications, such as : an environment that is physically
kind of search team, depending on the authority having
stressful or hazardous to the patient, SAR personnel, or both;
jurisdiction’s regulations or policies.
remoteness of the patient’s location, such that it causes a delay
in the delivery of care to the patient; or lack of adequate
1.8 Land search team members are categorized by levels in
medical supplies, equipment, or transportation.
which level one is the basic or entrance level and the numbers
increase as the requirements increase.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Training and Education. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F2685-07. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2685 − 07
3.1.6 helicopter landing zone (LZ), n—an area that has an 5.3.1 A Level II land search team member must have
adequate and acceptable touchdown pad, safety circle, and experienced overnight situations during adverse weather con-
approach/departure path. ditions for his/her agency’s normal area of operation.
5.3.2 A Level II land search team member must have
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this guide, see
experience searching in adverse weather conditions in hazard-
Terminology F1490, Guide F1633, Guide F2209, Classifica-
ous terrain common to his/her agency’s normal area of opera-
tion F1993, and other references within this guide.
tion.
5.3.3 Level II must have a clear understanding of the basic
4. Significance and Use
skills needed for survival in his/her agency’s normal area of
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for train-
operation.
ing land search team members as it relates to their general,
5.4 Land Navigation:
field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience. A
5.4.1 Topo Maps
person trained to this guide is a Level II land search team
5.4.1.1 Demonstrate the ability to locate in the field a point
member.
shown on a map.
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Level II land search
5.4.1.2 Demonstrate the ability to locate a position in the
team member shall have met the requirements of this guide.
field on a map.
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies
5.4.1.3 Locate a search segment
...

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4.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of training required to provide awareness-level knowledge for personnel operating in and around the areas and operations listed in 1.1.  
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1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2.  
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4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.  
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4.1 A trailing search dog crew or team is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.  
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4.7 Though this guide establishes minimum training requirements, it does not imply that a trailing search dog team or crew is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed part of an organization.  
4.7.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its member ratings.  
4.8 A trailing search dog crew or team shall document training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be demonstrated, unless oth...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform a trailing search.  
1.2 Trailing search dog crews or teams perform searches on the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.  
1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for trailing search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, and in caves, mines, and tunnels.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or oceanic.  
1.4 Trailing search dog crews or teams trained to meet the requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Trailing search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
1.6 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as defined in Classification F1993:  
1.6.1 Kind A (Wilderness);  
1.6.2 Kind B (Urban);  
1.6.3 Kind C (Mountainous);  
1.6.4 Kind G (Cave);  
1.6.5 Kind H (Mine);  
1.6.6 Kind I (Avalanche);  
1.6.7 Kind K (Aircraft); and  
1.6.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
1.7 Further training may be required before a trailing search dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.8 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how a trailing search dog crew or team functions.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory l...

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ASTM F3070-14(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Evaluating Area Search Dog Crews or Teams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 An area search dog crew or team is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this document.  
4.1.1 An area search dog crew or team which meets the requirements in this guide is a Canine Search Resource of the category Area Search Dog as defined in Classification F1848 for Canine Search Resources.  
4.1.2 Additional differentiation of the specific Canine Search Resource is defined in Classification F1848 for Canine Search Resources.  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for an area search dog crew or team to perform area searches. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an area search dog team or crew, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training area search dog crews or teams. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.5 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in this guide are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.6 Though this guide establishes minimum training requirements, it does not imply that an area search dog team or crew is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed part of an organization.  
4.6.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its member ratings.  
4.7 An area search dog crew or team shall document training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision. Where proficiency in a skill or ability must be demonstrated, unless stated otherwise it shall be demonstrated for initial qualification, and then as often as required by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a dog crew or team to perform an area search.  
1.2 Area search dog crews or teams perform searches on the surface of the land, including open urban or wilderness areas, as well as mountainous terrain and alpine environments.  
1.2.1 Additional training shall be required for area search dog crews or teams that search in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, or underground.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, or on bodies of water, inland or oceanic.  
1.4 Area search dog crews or teams trained to meet the requirements of this guide may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Area search dog crews or teams must work under qualified supervision deemed appropriate by the AHJ.  
1.6 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how an area search dog crew or team functions.  
1.7 Search dog crews or teams are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR crews or teams of the following Kinds, as defined in Classification F1993:  
1.7.1 Kind A (Wilderness),  
1.7.2 Kind B (Urban),  
1.7.3 Kind C (Mountainous),  
1.7.4 Kind G (Cave),  
1.7.5 Kind H (Mine),  
1.7.6 Kind I (Avalanche),  
1.7.7 Kind K (Aircraft), and  
1.7.8 Kind L (Unclassified).  
1.8 Further training may be required before an area search dog crew or team can fully participate on a particular Type and Kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was develop...

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ASTM F2685-14(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Training of a Land Search Team Leader (STL)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search Team Leader. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search Team Leader shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations, and agencies that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search Team Leader.  
4.3.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.3.2 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.3.3 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its members.  
4.4 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by an STL or AHJ.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an STL. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search Team Leader.  
4.7 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.8 A Land Search Team Leader shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.  
4.9 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often as required by the AHJ.  
4.10 Except where a physical skill or ability must be demonstrated, the AHJ shall determine the best way to evaluate a person’s knowledge. This may be by writ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for Land Search Team Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience.  
1.2 A Land Search Team Leader searches on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.4 No knots, rope, litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Land Search Team Leader.  
1.5 A Land Search Team Leader can be utilized as a field team leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a support person for a canine search team, and to establish search area boundaries in the field.  
1.6 A Land Search Team Leader is eligible to supervise Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993. Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to this standard are:  
1.6.1 Kind A (wilderness);  
1.6.2 Kind B (urban);  
1.6.3 Kind C (mountainous);  
1.6.4 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);  
1.6.5 King K (missing aircraft).  
1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search Team Leader can participate on a particular kind of search team, depending on the AHJ’s regulations or policies.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued b...

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ASTM F1847-14(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Minimum Training of Search Dog Crews or Teams

SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training of search dog crews or teams as it relates to their general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities specific to their use in Search and Rescue (SAR) operations.  
1.2 Search dog crews perform searches on the surface of the land, including in mountainous terrain, alpine environments, and on inland water bodies.  
1.3 This guide does not include the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to search in partially or fully collapsed structures, confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), in mountainous terrain, in an alpine environment, or on the water.  
1.4 This guide does not provide a theoretical basis for how a search dog crew operates; rather it describes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a search dog crew to function safely and effectively.  
1.5 A search dog crew is able to respond into the field and back country to locate subjects in the wilderness environment.  
1.6 A search dog crew is required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities outlined within this guide.  
1.7 Search dog crews are eligible to be members of Type I and II SAR teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.7.1 Personnel trained in accordance with this guide may be members of Type I and II teams or crews of Kind A (Wilderness), Kind B (Urban), Kind C (Mountainous), Kind D (Disaster/collapsed structure), Kind E (Inland water), Kind I (Avalanche), and Kind J (Evidence/human remains), and may operate in urban and disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.8 Further training may be required before a search dog crew can fully participate on a particular type and kind of team or crew, based on specific local need, regulations, or policies.  
1.9 Search dog crews shall work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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