F32.03 - Personnel, Training and Education

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Alpine Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefixes “Alpine Endorsed” and “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.4  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only mi...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.  
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.  
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.  
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 An Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.  
4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide, and it may include additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop or as part of a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.4 Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leaders are eligible to be members of Category: Land Search, Category: Land Rescue, Category: Land Search and Rescue, and Category: Untrained, search teams or crews, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.4.1 Category: Land Search teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
1.4.1.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.4.1.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.4.1.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.4.1.4 Kind: Alpine;
1.4.1.5 Kind: Tracking;
1.4.1.6 Kind: Mounted;
1.4.1.7 Kind: Mountain Bike;
1.4.1.8 Kind: ATV-ROHV.  
1.4.2 Category: Land Rescue and Category: Land Search and Rescue teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
1.4.2.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.4.2.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.4.2.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.4.2.4 Kind: Alpine.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of training required to provide awareness-level knowledge for personnel operating in and around the areas and operations listed in 1.1.  
4.2 This guide may be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training standards for land-based personnel operating in and around these areas and operations.  
4.3 A person trained to this guide is considered to be aware of the hazards and risks associated with these areas and operations.  
4.4 A person trained solely to this guide is not considered a “searcher,” “rescuer,” or both.  
4.5 This guide may be used to augment other training for a searcher and/or rescuer.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of some of the topics required for training or evaluating a searcher and/or rescuer, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.7 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet its training requirements.  
4.8 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements.  
4.9 This guide does not stand alone but must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific minimum training needed by a ground searcher and/or rescuer operating in these areas.  
4.10 This guide can be used as a reference for training of searchers, rescuers, or both.  
4.11 The information presented in the following sections is not in any particular order and does not represent a training sequence.  
4.12 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or some other means specified by the AHJ.
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1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2.  
1.2 This guide identifies and describes hazardous situations and environments, and the associated risks affecting search and rescue personnel who may be working on or around the following:  
1.2.1 Land search;  
1.2.2 Land rescue;  
1.2.3 Structural collapse;  
1.2.4 Rope rescues;  
1.2.5 Confined spaces;  
1.2.6 Water, both still and moving; and  
1.2.7 Trench or excavation collapse.  
1.3 The knowledge conveyed in this guide is intended to enable search and rescue (SAR) personnel to recognize situations that may require skills or capabilities they have not been trained to perform. This understanding will allow them to seek more knowledgeable personnel to mitigate the hazard and perform such rescues or other activities required to complete their mission.  
1.4 This guide is not intended to suggest that all search and rescue personnel must have the training identified within it. However, wherever the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) deems this training to be appropriate, this document can be used as a guide.  
1.5 The AHJ shall determine what level of training constitutes sufficient competence for search and rescue personnel to enter areas or carry out missions, which include the hazards described in this guide.  
1.6 This guide identifies some of the known disciplines of SAR and their associated hazards. It does not, however, attempt to list all hazards or risks of which a person must be aware to operate safely and effectively in and around any of the areas listed in 1.1.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
4.1.1 Mountain Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in mountainous terrain.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Mountain Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefix “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in mountainous terrain as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 Mountain Endorsement only indicates that personnel are qualified to operate safely and effectively in mountainous terrain in their normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 A Mountain Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Mountain Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the mountainous environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the mountainous environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.  
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine environment.  
1.6 A Mountain Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.7 Mountain Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish a minimum level of knowledge and skills for the water rescue responder. The application will improve the quality of initial emergency response, the rescue of the water victims, and the safety of the rescuers.  
4.2 All persons who are identified as water rescuers and water rescue responders shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide does not preclude the scope of performances for water rescuers needing more advanced or more specialized water rescue training.  
4.4 This guide will assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to water emergencies.
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1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scope of performance of a water rescuer I who may be responsible for the initial on-scene evaluation, performing land-based water rescues, and providing initial patient care at a water rescue incident.  
1.2 This guide is one in a series; water rescuer I is only a beginning level designed for a water rescue responder. Duties and responsibilities at water rescue operations vary according to the water rescuer's skills and knowledge. As the water rescuer level I progresses and becomes more proficient, the individual will move from responder to in-water rescuer to rescue boat operator.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide defines the use and content of Position Task Books.  
3.2 A Position Task Book lists all of the observable activities which must be performed to demonstrate the ability to successfully fill a position or operational level.  
3.2.1 Each activity, or Task, partly or fully demonstrates the existence in an individual of a specific Behavior.  
3.2.2 One or more of these Behaviors signifies that the individual is capable of a particular Competency.  
3.2.3 One or more defined Competencies are required for each position or operational level.  
3.3 Each Position Task Book used to document the suitability of an individual to perform in a particular position or operational level shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) from adding additional content to a Position Task Book.  
3.5 This document may be used by an AHJ to develop Position Task Books.
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1.1 This guide defines the use and content of Position Task Books in a “competency-based qualification system.”  
1.2 Each Position Task Book lists the competencies, behaviors, and tasks required for successful performance in a position or operational level.  
1.3 Position Task Books provide a standard form for documenting the knowledge, skills, and abilities of an individual by observation of that individual’s performance of tasks in a position or at a particular operational level. When all tasks in the PTB are successfully completed, the evaluated individual is considered qualified and eligible for assignment in that position or at that operational level.  
1.4 This guide only defines the use of Position Tasks Books and the content required for successful application. It does not define the requirements for any position or operational level.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search Team Leader. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search Team Leader shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations, and agencies that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search Team Leader.  
4.3.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.3.2 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.3.3 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its members.  
4.4 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by an STL or AHJ.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an STL. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search Team Leader.  
4.7 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.8 A Land Search Team Leader shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.  
4.9 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often as required by the AHJ.  
4.10 Except where a physical skill or ability must be demonstrated, the AHJ shall determine the best way to evaluate a person’s knowledge. This may be by writ...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for Land Search Team Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience.  
1.2 A Land Search Team Leader searches on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.4 No knots, rope, litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Land Search Team Leader.  
1.5 A Land Search Team Leader can be utilized as a field team leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a support person for a canine search team, and to establish search area boundaries in the field.  
1.6 A Land Search Team Leader is eligible to supervise Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993. Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to this standard are:  
1.6.1 Kind A (wilderness);  
1.6.2 Kind B (urban);  
1.6.3 Kind C (mountainous);  
1.6.4 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);  
1.6.5 King K (missing aircraft).  
1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search Team Leader can participate on a particular kind of search team, depending on the AHJ’s regulations or policies.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued b...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum requirements for training SWFT-Basic personnel. A person trained to this guide is considered to be a SWFT-Basic.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a SWFT-Basic shall have met the requirements or equivalent of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by the individuals and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) that wish to identify the minimum training required for SWFT-Basic. No advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.4 This guide was developed specifically for use in the United States, but may be used in other countries as needed.  
4.5 This guide should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by the AHJ.  
4.6 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.7 The AHJ shall determine that personnel, agencies, and organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood search and rescue operations.  
4.8 The AHJ shall determine the evaluation process used to assess the extent to which the requirements of this guide are met.  
4.9 Swiftwater personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, or delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist) have been performed. At the very least, personnel should follow the appropriate national, federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments. SWFT-Basic personnel should be supervised by a Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Intermediate (SWFT-Intermediate) or Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Advanced (SWFT-Advanced) for in-water rescue operations. Shore-based rescue does not necessarily require SWFT-Intermediate or SWFT-Advanced supervision, but any rescue requires appro...
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1.1 This guide establishes the areas of expertise that Search and Rescue (SAR) Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician Basic (SWFT-Basic) personnel shall demonstrate in order to perform in, on, or around a swiftwater environment.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the recommended training required to prepare SWFT-Basic personnel, or equivalent, for responding to or conducting shore-based swiftwater and flood rescue operations.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the general areas of expertise that SWFT-Basic personnel shall demonstrate. This guide does not cover specialized types of swiftwater/flood SAR, such as helicopter and boat-based rescues.  
1.1.3 This guide also establishes the minimum training requirements.  
1.2 This is the entry-level position for swiftwater/flood responders.  
1.3 SWFT-Basic personnel shall be able to recognize, reduce, eliminate, or mitigate, within the scope of their training, the hazards and risks in a swiftwater or flood situation or environment and be able to request appropriate additional resources.  
1.4 This guide identifies types of rescues, tactics, and systems that are typically used by SWFT-Basic personnel, such as shore-based rescues using talking, reaching, throwing, and wading methods.  
1.5 SWFT-Basic personnel who have met the minimum qualifications and experience within this guide are capable of performing shore-based rescues and assisting with in-water rescues from the shore under qualified supervision.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is to be used to expand the performance of water rescuers and improve the emergency response and patient care delivered to victims in the cold water and ice rescue environment.  
4.2 All persons who are identified as ice rescuers shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is not intended to be used in isolation, but as a component guide acknowledging many duties of response at a cold water and ice rescue emergency. It also establishes a minimum scope of performance and encourages the addition of optional knowledge, skills, and attitudinal objectives.  
4.4 This guide does not establish medical protocols, nor does it authorize invasive procedures without specific authorization and medical control.  
4.5 This guide is intended to assist government agencies, state, local, or regional organizations, fire departments, rescue teams, and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to cold water and ice emergencies.  
4.6 An ice rescuer shall be wearing an immersion suit, drysuit with PFD, or equivalent cold water protection and buoyancy to perform these rescues.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scope of performance of an ice rescuer who performs cold water and ice rescues from the surface, assists with support for ice rescue divers, and provides initial patient care at a cold water or ice rescue incident.  
1.2 This guide is one of a series that, together with Guide F1739, describes the minimum performance requirements of an ice rescuer.  
1.3 Individuals who will operate in the cold water or ice rescue setting need to be aware of the equipment and physical requirements necessary to be able to perform all identified objectives and necessary skills in the setting.  
1.4 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is to be used to expand the performance of water rescuers and improve the emergency response and patient care delivered to victims in the water and cold water environment at lakes, ponds, quarries, and similar bodies of water.  
4.2 All persons who are identified as water rescuers shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is not intended to be used in isolation, but as a component guide, acknowledging various types/conditions at water emergencies and many duties of response at these incidents. It also establishes a minimum scope of performance and encourages the addition of optional knowledge, skills, and attitudinal objectives.  
4.4 This guide is not for ice, coastal, or river/swiftwater rescues. There will be additional standards to cover the specifics for those water characteristics.  
4.5 This guide does not establish water rescue protocols for the pool, beach, or other area lifeguards.  
4.6 This guide does not establish medical protocols, nor does it authorize invasive procedures without specific authorization and medical control.  
4.7 This guide is intended to assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; marine patrols; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to water emergencies.  
4.8 A water rescuer shall be wearing a PFD, plus cold water protection when applicable.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for performance of a water rescuer who performs water rescues from the surface at lakes, ponds, quarries, and other similar bodies of water; assists with support for rescue divers; and provides initial patient care at a water emergency.  
1.2 This guide is one of a series which, together with Guide F1739, describe the minimum performance requirements of a water rescuer.  
1.3 Individuals who will operate in the water setting need to be aware of the equipment and physical requirements necessary to be able to perform all identified objectives and necessary skills in the setting.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search Team Member. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search Team Member shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search Team Member.  
4.3.1 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes the minimum standard of training, it does not imply that a Land Search Team Member is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of a team, organization, or agency.  
4.4.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for Land Search Team Members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.4.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search Team Member.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Land Search Team Member or AHJ.  
4.7 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search Team Member.  
4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content includes the information required for training a Land Search Team Member. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.  
4.9 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.10 A Land Search Team Member shall document hi...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements for land search personnel as it relates to their general, field, and search-specific knowledge and skills.  
1.2 A Land Search Team Member searches on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.4 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualified to perform rescue. No knots, rope, high angle or low angle litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Land Search Team Member.  
1.5 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.6 Land Search Team Members are eligible to be members of Category: Land Search, and Category: Untrained, search teams or crews, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6.1 Category: Land Search teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:  
1.6.1.1 Kind: Non-Wilderness;
1.6.1.2 Kind: Wilderness;
1.6.1.3 Kind: Mountainous;
1.6.1.4 Kind: Alpine.  
1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search Team Member can participate on a particular Kind of search team, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required to use a GPS/GNSS receiver to determine a position and collect navigational data in the wilderness. A person trained to this guide shall be endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/GNSS-IW Endorsed).  
4.1.1 Every person who is endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.2 This guide is only the first level of training for wilderness GPS/GNSS use, and only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to use a GPS/GNSS receiver to determine his or her location and collect navigational data in a wilderness environment. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, a person endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use shall also be adequately trained to travel and work in a wilderness environment.  
4.4 Depending on the regulations or policies of the AHJ, additional knowledge, skills, or abilities may be required before a person who meets the requirements in this guide may use a GPS/GNSS receiver in a wilderness environment.  
4.4.1 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It only specifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for an individual to be endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use. This guide may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.6 Though this guide establishes only minimum training, it does not imply that a person endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an organization. The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for member or employee ratings.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the nec...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required to use a GPS/GNSS2 receiver to determine one’s position, and collect location data, in the wilderness.  
1.2 This guide applies to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver on land, on and off roads, and on small bodies of water, wherever GPS/GNSS signals can be received.  
1.3 This guide applies to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver in disaster areas where local positioning aids or references may be lost or damaged.  
1.4 This guide does not apply to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver on large bodies of water, at sea, or in the air.  
1.5 A person who meets the requirements in this guide is only prepared to operate a GPS/GNSS receiver to determine his or her location, and collect position and movement information, in a wilderness environment.  
1.6 This guide does not imply that a GPS/GNSS receiver is a replacement for a map and compass. Use of the latter is strongly recommended as a backup for GPS/GNSS navigation.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required to use a GPS/GNSS receiver to navigate in the wilderness. A person trained to this guide shall be endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/GNSS-IIW Endorsed).  
4.1.1 Every person who is endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.2 This guide is the second level of training for wilderness GPS/GNSS use, and only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to navigate with a GPS/GNSS receiver in a wilderness environment. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, a person endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use shall also be adequately trained to travel and work in a wilderness environment.  
4.4 Depending on the regulations or policies of the AHJ, additional knowledge, skills, or abilities may be required before a person who meets the requirements in this guide may use a GPS/GNSS receiver to navigate in a wilderness environment.  
4.4.1 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It only specifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for an individual to be endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use. This guide may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.6 Though this guide establishes only minimum training, it does not imply that a person endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an organization. The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for member or employee ratings.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the necessary topics for training a person to be endorsed ...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required to use a GPS/GNSS2 receiver to navigate in the wilderness.  
1.2 This guide applies to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver on land, on and off roads, and on small bodies of water, wherever GPS/GNSS signals can be received.  
1.3 This guide applies to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver in disaster areas where local positioning aids or references may be lost or damaged.  
1.4 This guide does not apply to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver on large bodies of water, at sea, or in the air.  
1.5 This guide does not imply that a GPS/GNSS receiver is a replacement for a map and compass. Use of the latter is strongly recommended as a backup for GPS/GNSS navigation.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Tracker. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Tracker shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.2.1 Nothing in this guide precludes the AHJ from adding additional requirements for its personnel.  
4.3 Training to this guide is not an indication that a person possesses adequate field skills or knowledge to make mission critical decisions.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes a basic training standard, it does not imply that a Tracker is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar team member designation of an organization.  
4.4.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for a Tracker is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.5 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Tracker or AHJ.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating Tracker endorsed personnel.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content includes the information required for training a Tracker. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 A Tracker shall document his or her training, as directed by the AHJ, which might include the completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.  
4.9.1 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often as required by the AHJ.  
4.9.2 Except where a physical skill or ability must be demonstrated, the AHJ sh...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including knowledge, skills, and abilities, required for personnel operating as Trackers in support of a land search effort.  
1.2 A Tracker Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, beyond those defined within this guide.  
1.3 A Tracker tracks on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.4 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for tracking in partially or fully collapsed structures, in water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.  
1.5.1 Individuals trained to this guide are qualified to operate on teams or crews classified as Category – Land Search of Kind – Tracking.  
1.5.2 Further training may be required before Tracking Land Search personnel may participate on particular Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training a Helicopter SAR Technician, who is a crewmember with focus on the general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function within a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation. A person trained to this guide shall be recognized as a Helicopter SAR Technician crewmember.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Helicopter SAR Technician shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) that wish to identify the minimum training standards for Helicopter SAR Technician.  
4.4 This guide is the first level of training for Helicopter SAR Ttechnician and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required to perform during helicopter operations.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Helicopter SAR Technician, and it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Helicopter SAR Technician.  
4.7 Though this guide establishes the minimum standards, it does not imply that a Helicopter SAR Technician is “in training,” “on probation,” or in any other similar AHJ member status. It is up to the AHJ to determine the requirements and qualifications for member ratings.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities requirements presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent any specific training sequence.  
4.9 A Helicopter SAR Technician shall meet the ASTM standards for the environments for which the technician will be working and shall be able to interface with ground SAR resources.  
4.9.1 In order to operate safely around or in a given sub-environment within this area of specializ...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for a helicopter inland search and rescue technician (hereafter known as Helicopter SAR Technician) with focus on the general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function as a member of the crew with a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation.  
1.2 This guide is focused on inland, non-oceanic areas of operation, including flood and swiftwater rescue operations.  
1.3 This guide is focused on persons functioning as a crewmember with helicopters only; no fixed-winged operations are included.  
1.4 General, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge and skills related to inland search and rescue are found in the following referenced ASTM documents: F1591, F1633, F1739, F1846, F2209, F2685, and F2751. The training identified in this guide supplements and enhances the search and rescue technician’s existing training, knowledge, and skills.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief with focus on the general knowledge and skills needed to function within a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation. A person trained to this guide is a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) that wish to identify the minimum training standards for a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.3 This guide is only the first level of training for a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform during helicopter operations.  
4.1.4 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief, but it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.1.5 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.6 Though this guide establishes the minimum standards, it does not imply that a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief is “in training,” “on probation,” or in any other similar AHJ member status. It is up to the AHJ to determine the requirements and qualifications for member ratings.  
4.1.7 A Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall be trained in the normal operational response areas. Examples include but are not limited to the following regions: mountainous, desert, wilderness and over inland bodies of water.  
4.1.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent any specific training sequence.  
4.1.9 A Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall meet the minimum SAR requirements for their environments while working as a crewmember with a...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for a Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief (hereafter known as Helicopter SAR Crew Chief) with focus on the general and crew chief specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function as a member of the helicopter crew in support of an inland search and rescue operation.  
1.2 This guide is focused on inland, non-oceanic areas of operation, including flood and swiftwater rescue operations.  
1.3 This guide is focused on persons functioning as a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief with helicopters only; no fixed-winged operations are included.  
1.4 The training discussed in this guide will supplement and enhance the Helicopter SAR Crew Chief’s existing training, knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training intermediate level rope rescuers as it relates to their general, field, and rope rescue specific knowledge and skills. A person trained to this guide is an Intermediate Rope Rescuer.  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as an Intermediate Rope Rescuer shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is only the second level of training for rope rescue personnel and, in conjunction with Guides F2209 and F2752, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform Intermediate Rope Rescue. No other advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.1.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, an Intermediate Rope Rescuer shall also be adequately trained to function safely and effectively in the environment in which he or she is expected to work (that is, wilderness, urban, etc.).  
4.2 Intermediate Rope Rescue endorsement is not an indication that a person possesses adequate field skills or knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. Under qualified supervision an Intermediate Rope Rescuer is qualified to work in an area with high fall exposure and/or falling hazard potential, including high angle terrain.  
4.3 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Intermediate Rope Rescuer or by an AHJ. It may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.3.1 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by an Intermediate Rope Rescuer or by an AHJ.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that an Intermediate Rope Rescuer is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an organization.  
4.4.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for land rescue team members is the responsib...
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1.1 This guide, in conjunction with, and as an add-on to, Guides F2751 and F2752 (or equivalents for other environments) defines the training required for a person who participates in rope rescue operations at an intermediate level of responsibility and complexity as part of larger rescue duty.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to assist, support, and direct rope rescue operations at an intermediate level, including patient packaging, litter rigging, ascending and descending fixed ropes in a high angle environment, constructing raising and lowering systems, and directing simple low angle rescue operations, in conjunction with other rescue duties.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for an Intermediate Rope Rescuer as related to general, field, and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.  
1.1.3 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer may directly supervise low angle rope rescue operations.  
1.1.4 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer must work under the direct supervision of qualified rope rescue personnel during high angle or complex rope rescues.  
1.2 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer endorsement applies only to rescues on the surface of the land; additional endorsements are required to perform this level of rope rescue in other environments. This guide alone does not define the minimum training requirements for rescuing in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.3 An Intermediate Rope Rescuer is required to have knowledge and skill sets pertaining to the intermediate roped evacuation and carryout component of rescue. These include but are not limited to patient packaging, construction of an anchor system, construction of simple, compound, and complex rope mechanical advantage systems, and construction and use of lowering (fixed-brake) rope systems....

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training rope rescuers in regard to their rope rescue specific knowledge and skills. A person trained to this guide is an advanced rope rescuer.  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as an advanced rope rescuer shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is the third level of training for rope rescue personnel and, in conjunction with Guides F2751, F2752, and F2954, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform or lead advanced rope rescue. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.1.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, an advanced rope rescuer shall also be adequately trained to operate safely and effectively in the environment in which he or she is expected to work (i.e., wilderness, urban, etc.).  
4.2 Advanced rope rescue endorsement is an indication that a person possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. A person so endorsed is qualified to support or direct a rope rescue team in an area with high fall exposure and/or falling hazard potential, including high angle environments.  
4.3 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an advanced rope rescuer. It may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.3.1 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by an advanced rope rescuer or for an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) to properly evaluate a training program or text.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that an advanced rope rescuer is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an organization.  
4.4.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for land rescue team members is the responsibility of t...
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1.1 This guide, in conjunction with, and as an add-on to, Guides F2751, F2752, and F2954 (or equivalent for other environments), defines the basic training required for a person who participates in rope rescue at the highest level of responsibility and complexity, as part of a larger rescue duty.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to support or direct a rope rescue team in advanced rope rescue functions including pre-planning and size-up of rope rescue operations, designing and directing the construction of rope systems for moving a victim in low and high angle environments, directing the construction and operation of highline and related rope systems, and performing advanced rope rigging functions, in conjunction with other rescue duties.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for an advanced rope rescue endorsed person in regard to general, field, and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.  
1.2 An advanced rope rescuer performs rope rescues in all terrain and is capable of directing basic and intermediate rope rescuers.  
1.2.1 An advanced rope rescuer endorsement applies only to rescues on the surface of the land; additional endorsements are required to perform this level of rope rescue in other environments. This guide alone does not define the minimum training requirements for performing or assisting with rescues in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.2.2 This guide alone does not define the minimum training requirements for climbing Class 52 or higher rock and/or ice to perform a rescue.  
1.3 An advanced rope rescuer is required to have knowledge and skill sets pertaining to the advanced roped evacuation components of rescue. These include, but are not limited to, advanced knots and rigging, functioning as a litter att...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to assist the user in developing procedures to determine the serviceability of rope based upon visual and tactile inspection of the rope and the rope history as documented in the rope log.  
3.2 This guide is intended for use by experienced personnel deemed qualified by the user to assess the viability of rope, according to the specific needs of that user.
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1.1 This guide covers procedures to assist in the management and care of kernmantle nylon, polyester, or nylon/polyester, or both kernmantle ropes by rescue personnel.  
1.2 This guide provides information intended to assist qualified, experienced personnel in establishing procedures for determining whether a rope should be placed into or returned to service. Such procedures may be used to assist in determining serviceability of used rescue ropes. Other factors which may not be included in this guide may also need to be considered when evaluating ropes.  
Note 1: Interpretation of the terms “qualified” and “experienced” when referring to individuals inspecting ropes may be debatable. Because rope evaluation is a subjective practice, it is in the best interest of the user to clearly define the needs of the user, and then to train personnel according to those needs. Needs and priorities may vary greatly between users.  
1.2.1 A rope which has been used in any manner should not be returned to service without first undergoing a thorough inspection to include rope log review, visual inspection, and tactile inspection.  
1.2.2 It is the responsibility of the user to understand that evaluation of a used rope is a subjective process. Due to the strength and longevity of kernmantle ropes presently used in rescue operations, it is perfectly reasonable, and even advisable, for these ropes to be reused on future operations unless the rope is physically compromised in some way. If the user chooses to reuse ropes, then the user should also establish specific guidelines, including and possibly in addition to those set forth in this guide, and provide training for personnel who will be responsible for examination of ropes.  
1.3 This standard does not imply approval of any specific type of rescue rope, nor does it purport to ensure the ability of any rope to function as desired. The information included here is not to be considered the only criteria for evaluating the serviceability of rescue rope  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of abandoned or inactive mine SAR team members as it relates to their general, field, and abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue specific knowledge. No other advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as an abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 Certain specialized environments may require other capabilities or endorsements or further training depending on the regulations and policies of the AHJ.  
4.4 Abandoned or inactive mine SAR team members trained as defined in this guide shall not be assumed to possess adequate field skills or knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. Abandoned or inactive mine SAR team members are qualified to perform SAR operations in abandoned or inactive mines under qualified supervision designated by the incident commander in accordance with AHJ policies.  
4.5 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating abandoned or inactive mine SAR Team Members. It may, however, be used to assist in the development of, or to complement, a complete training document or program.  
4.6 This guide can be used to evaluate a training document or program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training an abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of an abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member.  
4.8 Because SAR operations in and around abandoned or inactive underground mines are inherently hazardous, regional and national safety standards shall be included in the policies and procedures of the AHJ.  
4.9 Practitioners shall complete all activities based on a sound analysis of risk versus benefit, and shall follow all federal, tribal, state, provincial, local, regional, and other safety standards ...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training required for personnel who take part in search and rescue (SAR) operations in abandoned or inactive mines.  
1.2 An abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team member will be able to perform all general land search and rescue functions.  
1.3 An abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team member is not trained for SAR operations in surface mines, tunnels, or caves.  
1.4 This guide applies to underground mines only. It does not apply to surface mines, tunnels, or caves.  
1.5 This guide does not apply to search and rescue operations on, or in, bodies of water within abandoned or inactive mines.  
1.6 In accordance with Classification F1993, an abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team member shall be classified as part of any of the following resources:  
1.6.1 Category—Land search.
1.6.1.1 Kind—Non-wilderness;
1.6.1.2 Kind—Wilderness;
1.6.1.3 Duration—12 h.  
1.6.2 Category—Land rescue and land search and rescue.  
1.6.2.1 Kind—Non-wilderness;
1.6.2.2 Kind—Wilderness;
1.6.2.3 Duration—12 h.  
1.6.3 Category—Rope rescue crew (or team).
1.6.3.1 Kind—Non-wilderness;
1.6.3.2 Kind—Wilderness;
1.6.3.3 Duration—12 h.  
1.7 Other training may be required before an endorsed abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team member can fully participate as part of a particular category and kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.  
1.8 This guide has references specific to use in the United States of America, but it may be adapted for use in other countries.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was de...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training criteria for snowmobile operator endorsed personnel.  
4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any established protocols of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local, or regional governments.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a snowmobile operator endorsed individual shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that a snowmobile operator endorsed individual is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed member or employee of an agency or organization.  
4.4.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its team member or employee ratings.  
4.4.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members or employees.  
4.5 A person meeting the requirements of this guide does not necessarily possess adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating snowmobile operator endorsed personnel.  
4.7 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating snowmobile operator endorsed personnel and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to be snowmobile operator endorsed personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.9 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.10 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for snowmobile o...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who operate snowmobiles as part of their duties.  
1.2 This guide applies only to snowmobiles as defined in Section 6.  
1.3 A snowmobile operator’s endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.4 Snowmobile operator endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively on snowmobiles.  
1.5 Snowmobile operator endorsed individuals operate on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.6 This guide alone does not define the minimum training requirements for personnel to operate snowmobiles in a mountain or alpine environment or in areas prone to avalanche.  
1.7 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.8 Snowmobile operator endorsed personnel must work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member.  
4.3.1 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.3.2 Though this guide establishes the minimum standard of training, it does not imply that a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of a team, organization, or agency.  
4.3.3 Determining the requirements and qualifications for non-wilderness land search team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member.  
4.5 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member or AHJ.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content includes the information required for training a Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills and abilities defined in this guide ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements for non-wilderness land search personnel as it relates to their general, field, and search specific knowledge and skills.  
1.2 A Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Member searches on the surface of the land in non-wilderness areas only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure, in accordance with the limits identified in the Scope of this Guide.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for searching in wilderness areas, partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.4 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified to perform rescue.  
1.4.1 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in Guide F2751.  
1.5 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.6 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.  
1.6.1 Individuals trained to this guide are qualified to operate on teams or crews classified as Category – Land Search of Kind Non-Wilderness.  
1.6.2 Further training may be required before Non-Wilderness Land Search personnel may participate on particular Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.7 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members are not qualified to work around, or ride in, helicopters without helicopter safety training.  
1.8 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members shall know the safety precautions and procedures to be employed when working around still and swift water in the normal area of operations.  
1.8.1 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members are not qualified to participate in swift water operations.  
1.9 Non-Wilderness Land Search Team Members are not qualified to ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations, and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.  
4.3.1 Though this guide establishes the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader, it does not imply that a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an AHJ.  
4.3.2 Determining the requirements and qualifications for team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.3.3 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.3.4 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its members.  
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Team Leader or AHJ.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an Land Search and Rescue Team Leader. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who lead land search and rescue teams.  
1.2 Land Search and Rescue Team Leaders direct search and rescue teams on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training required for conducting rescues in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountainous terrain.  
1.4 Personnel trained to this guide alone are qualified to conduct or lead search and rescue operations on non-technical terrain.  
1.5 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to direct rope rescues. No knots, rope work, or high angle or low angle rescue skills are included in this guide.  
1.5.1 The minimum training required for rope rescue can be found in Guides F2752, F2954, and F2955.  
1.5.2 Personnel trained to this standard and having a Rope Rescuer Endorsement (Guides F2752, F2954, F2955) are qualified to supervise rope rescue teams of equal level or lower.  
1.6 A Land Search and Rescue Team Leader can be utilized as a team leader for land search or rescue teams, a single resource, or a support person for a canine search team.  
1.7 Land Search and Rescue Team Leaders are eligible to supervise Land Search, Land Rescue, Land Search and Rescue, and Untrained teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993 for non-wilderness and wilderness operations. In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall have the identified endorsement for the reason identified:  
1.7.1 Mountainous Terrain—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall meet the requirements of Guides F3027 or F3028;  
1.7.2 Alpine Terrain—Search and Rescue Team Leaders shall m...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training criteria for Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel.  
4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any established protocols of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local, or regional governments.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individual shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that a Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individual is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed member of an agency or organization.  
4.4.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its team member ratings.  
4.4.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 A person meeting the requirements of this guide does not necessarily possess adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel.  
4.7 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training an individual to be Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.9 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.10 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training and equipment requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who operate on mountain bikes.  
1.2 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively on mountain bikes.  
1.3 A Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.4 Personnel trained to only this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.5 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed individuals operate on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.6 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.  
1.6.1 Further training may be required before Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel may participate on a particular Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.7 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for SAR personnel to operate on mountain bikes while performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountain or alpine environments.  
1.8 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualified to perform rescue. No training in rope use, high or low angle litter evacuation, or other rescue skills is included in this guide.  
1.8.1 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in Guide F2751.  
1.9 Mountain Bike Search and Rescue Endorsed personnel must work under q...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum training criteria for ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel.  
4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any established protocols of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local, or regional governments.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as an ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individual shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that an ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individual is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similarly termed member of an agency or organization.  
4.4.1 The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for its team member ratings.  
4.4.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 A person meeting the requirements of this guide does not necessarily possess adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel.  
4.7 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to be ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.9 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.10 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel to perform safely and effectively.  
4.11 ATV-ROHV Ops E...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who operate ATVs or ROHVs as part of their duties.  
1.2 This guide applies only to ATVs and ROHVs as defined below.  
1.3 An ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.4 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively on ATVs or ROHVs.  
1.5 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed individuals operate on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.6 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for SAR personnel to operate ATVs or ROHVs while in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in a mountain or alpine environment.  
1.7 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.  
1.7.1 Further training may be required before ATV-ROHV OPS Endorsed personnel may participate on a particular Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.8 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified to perform search or rescue. No training in land search, patient evacuation, rope use, or other rescue skills is included in this guide.  
1.8.1 Basic search skills and knowledge are found in Guide F2209.  
1.8.2 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in Guide F2751.  
1.9 Personnel trained only to this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.10 ATV-ROHV Ops Endorsed personnel mu...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person shall have to perform as a Land Search and Rescue Team Member. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Team Member shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Member.  
4.3.1 Although this guide establishes the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Member, it does not imply that a Land Search and Rescue Team Member is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an AHJ.  
4.3.2 Determining the requirements and qualifications for land search and rescue team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.3.3 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search and Rescue Team Member.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Team Member, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and shall be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Team Member or AHJ.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training a Land Search and Rescue Team Member. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge and skills presen...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who perform land search and rescue without ropes.  
1.2 Land Search and Rescue Team Members perform search and rescue on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training required for performing land rescue in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountainous terrain.  
1.4 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to direct rope rescues. No knots, rope work, or high angle or low angle rescue skills are included in this guide.  
1.4.1 The minimum training required for rope rescue can be found in Guides F2752, F2954, and F2955.  
1.4.2 Personnel are qualified to conduct search and rescue operations on non-technical terrain.  
1.5 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.6 Personnel trained to this guide are eligible to be members of Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6.1 Type II teams that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are as follows:
1.6.1.1 Kind A (wilderness);
1.6.1.2 Kind B (urban);
1.6.1.3 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);
1.6.1.4 Kind K (missing aircraft).
1.6.1.5 Personnel trained to this guide are eligible to be members of Kind C (mountainous) teams provided that they are supervised by a Mountain or Alpine endorsed team member.  
1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search and Rescue Team Member can participate on a particular Kind of rescue team, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.  
4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide and it may include additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop, or as part of, a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 Type I-IV teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous/alpine), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified). See Classification F1993.  
1.4 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
4.1.1 Mountain-Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in mountainous terrain.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Mountain-Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefix “Mountain Endorsed”) to their current training levels.  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in mountainous terrain as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 Mountain Endorsement only indicates that personnel are qualified to operate safely and effectively in mountainous terrain in their normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 A Mountain Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Mountain-Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the mountainous environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the mountainous environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only minimum standard...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.3 Specifically, Mountain-Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.  
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine environment.  
1.6 A Mountain-Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Guide F1993.  
1.7 Mountain-Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Bar...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish a minimum level of knowledge and skills for the water rescue responder. The application will improve the quality of initial emergency response, the rescue of the water victims, and the safety of the rescuers.  
4.2 All persons who are identified as water rescuers and water rescue responders shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide does not preclude the scope of performances for water rescuers needing more advanced or more specialized water rescue training.  
4.4 This guide will assist government agencies, state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams, and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to water emergencies.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scope of performance of a water rescuer I who may be responsible for the initial on scene evaluation, performing land based water rescues, and providing initial patient care at a water rescue incident.  
1.2 This guide is one in a series; water rescuer I is only a beginning level designed for a water rescue responder. Duties and responsibilities at water rescue operations vary according to the water rescuer's skills and knowledge. As the water rescuer level I progresses and becomes more proficient, the individual will move from responder to in-water rescuer to rescue boat operator.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Alpine Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefixes “Alpine Endorsed” and “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only min...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.  
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.  
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.  
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 An Alpine-endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of training required to provide awareness-level knowledge for personnel operating in and around the areas and operations listed in 1.1.  
4.2 This guide may be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training standards for land-based personnel operating in and around these areas and operations.  
4.3 A person trained to this guide is considered to be aware of the hazards and risks associated with these areas and operations.  
4.4 A person trained solely to this guide is not considered a “searcher,” “rescuer,” or both.  
4.5 This guide may be used to augment other training for a searcher and/or rescuer.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of some of the topics required for training or evaluating a searcher and/or rescuer, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.7 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet its training requirements.  
4.8 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements.  
4.9 This guide does not stand alone but must be used with the reference documents to provide the specific minimum training needed by a ground searcher and/or rescuer operating in these areas.  
4.10 This guide can be used as a reference for training of searchers, rescuers, or both.  
4.11 The information presented in the following sections is not in any particular order and does not represent a training sequence.  
4.12 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or some other means specified by the AHJ.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments, solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks, who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2.  
1.2 This guide identifies and describes hazardous situations and environments, and the associated risks affecting search and rescue personnel who may be working on or around the following:  
1.2.1 Landsearch;  
1.2.2 Land rescue;  
1.2.3 Structural collapse;  
1.2.4 Rope rescues;  
1.2.5 Confined spaces;  
1.2.6 Water, both still and moving; and  
1.2.7 Trench or excavation collapse.  
1.3 The knowledge conveyed in this guide is intended to enable search and rescue (SAR) personnel to recognize situations that may require skills or capabilities they have not been trained to perform. This understanding will allow them to seek more knowledgeable personnel to mitigate the hazard and perform such rescues or other activities required to complete their mission.  
1.4 This guide is not intended to suggest that all search and rescue personnel must have the training identified within it. However, wherever the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) deems this training to be appropriate, this document can be used as a guide.  
1.5 The AHJ shall determine what level of training constitutes sufficient competence for search and rescue personnel to enter areas, or carry out missions, which include the hazards described in this guide.  
1.6 This guide identifies some of the known disciplines of SAR and their associated hazards. It does not, however, attempt to list all hazards or risks of which a person must be aware to operate safely and effectively in and around any of the areas listed in 1.1.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Tracker. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Tracker shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.2.1 Nothing in this guide precludes the AHJ from adding additional requirements for its personnel.  
4.3 Training to this guide is not an indication that a person possesses adequate field skills or knowledge to make mission critical decisions.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes a basic training standard, it does not imply that a Tracker is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar team member designation of an organization.  
4.4.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for a Tracker is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.5 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Tracker or AHJ.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating Tracker endorsed personnel.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content includes the information required for training a Tracker. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 A Tracker shall document his or her training, as directed by the AHJ, which might include the completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.  
4.9.1 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often as required by the AHJ.  
4.9.2 Except where a physical skill or ability must be demonstrated, the AHJ sh...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including knowledge, skills, and abilities, required for personnel operating as Trackers in support of a land search effort.  
1.2 A Tracker Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, beyond those defined within this guide.  
1.3 A Tracker tracks on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.4 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for tracking in partially or fully collapsed structures, in water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 Human land SAR resources that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are classified in Classification F1993.  
1.5.1 Individuals trained to this guide are qualified to operate on teams or crews classified as Category – Land Search of Kind – Tracking.  
1.5.2 Further training may be required before Tracking Land Search personnel may participate on particular Category or Kind of SAR resource, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum requirements for training SWFT-Basic personnel. A person trained to this guide is considered to be a SWFT-Basic.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a SWFT-Basic shall have met the requirements, or equivalent, of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by the individuals and Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJs) that wish to identify the minimum training required for SWFT-Basic. No advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.4 This guide was developed specifically for use in the United States, but may be used in other countries as needed.  
4.5 This guide should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by the AHJ.  
4.6 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.7 The AHJ shall determine that personnel, agencies, and organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in Swiftwater/flood search and rescue operations.  
4.8 The AHJ shall determine the evaluation process used to assess the extent to which the requirements of this guide are met.  
4.9 4.9 Swiftwater personnel should only perform activities in the Swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (such as the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, or delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist) have been performed. At the very least, personnel should follow the appropriate national, federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in Swiftwater environments. SWFT-Basic personnel should be supervised by a Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Intermediate (SWFT-Intermediate) or Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician-Advanced (SWFT-Advanced) for in-water rescue operations. Shore-based rescue does not necessarily require SWFT-Intermediate or SWFT-Advanced supervision, but any rescue requires...
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1.1 This guide establishes the areas of expertise that Search and Rescue (SAR) Swiftwater/Flood Rescue Technician Basic (SWFT-Basic) personnel shall demonstrate in order to perform in, on, or around a Swiftwater environment.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide defines the recommended training required to prepare SWFT-Basic personnel, or equivalent, for responding to or conducting shore-based Swiftwater and flood rescue operations.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the general areas of expertise that SWFT-Basic personnel shall demonstrate. This guide does not cover specialized types of Swiftwater/flood SAR, such as helicopter and boat-based rescues.  
1.1.3 This guide also establishes the minimum training requirements.  
1.2 This is the entry-level position for Swiftwater/flood responders.  
1.3 SWFT-Basic personnel shall be able to recognize, reduce, eliminate, or mitigate, within the scope of their training, the hazards and risks in a Swiftwater or flood situation or environment and be able to request appropriate additional resources.  
1.4 This guide identifies types of rescues, tactics, and systems that are typically used by SWFT-Basic personnel, such as shore-based rescues using talking, reaching, throwing, and wading methods.  
1.5 SWFT-Basic personnel who have met the minimum qualifications and experience within this guide are capable of performing shore-based rescues and assisting with in-water rescues from the shore under qualified supervision.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search Team Member. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search Team Member shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search Team Member.  
4.3.1 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes the minimum standard of training, it does not imply that a Land Search Team Member is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of a team, organization, or agency.  
4.4.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for land search team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.4.2 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search Team Member.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Land Search Team Member or AHJ.  
4.7 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search Team Member.  
4.8 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content includes the information required for training a Land Search Team Member. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.  
4.9 The knowledge, skills and abilities defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.10 A Land Search Team Member shall document his...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements for land search personnel as it relates to their general, field, and search specific knowledge and skills.  
1.2 A Land Search Team Member searches on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels.)  
1.4 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualified to perform rescue. No knots, rope, high angle or low angle litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Land Search Team Member.  
1.4.1 Basic rescue skills and knowledge are found in Guide F2751.  
1.5 Personnel trained to this guide are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.  
1.6 Land Search Team Members are eligible to be members of Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.  
1.6.1 Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:  
1.6.1.1 Kind A (wilderness);
1.6.1.2 Kind B (urban);
1.6.1.3 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);
1.6.1.4 Kind K (missing aircraft).  
1.6.2 Land Search Team Members are eligible to be members of Kind C (mountainous) teams provided that they are supervised by a Mountain or Alpine endorsed team member.  
1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search Team Member can participate on a particular Kind of search team, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief with focus on the general knowledge and skills needed to function within a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation. A person trained to this guide is a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) that wish to identify the minimum training standards for a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.3 This guide is only the first level of training for a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform during helicopter operations.  
4.1.4 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief, but it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.1.5 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief.  
4.1.6 Though this guide establishes the minimum standards, it does not imply that a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief is “in training,” “on probation,” or in any other similar AHJ member status. It is up to the AHJ to determine the requirements and qualifications for member ratings.  
4.1.7 A Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall be trained in the normal operational response areas. Examples include but are not limited to the following regions: mountainous, desert, wilderness and over inland bodies of water.  
4.1.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent any specific training sequence.  
4.1.9 A Helicopter SAR Crew Chief shall meet the minimum SAR requirements for their environments while working as a crewmember with a...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for a Helicopter Inland Search and Rescue (SAR) Crew Chief (hereafter known as Helicopter SAR Crew Chief) with focus on the general and crew chief specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function as a member of the helicopter crew in support of an inland search and rescue operation.  
1.2 This guide is focused on inland, non-oceanic areas of operation, including flood and swiftwater rescue operations.  
1.3 This guide is focused on persons functioning as a Helicopter SAR Crew Chief with helicopters only; no fixed-winged operations are included.  
1.4 The training discussed in this guide will supplement and enhance the Helicopter SAR Crew Chief’s existing training, knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training a Helicopter SAR Technician, who is a crewmember with focus on the general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function within a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation. A person trained to this guide shall be recognized as a Helicopter SAR Technician crewmember.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Helicopter SAR Technician shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) that wish to identify the minimum training standards for Helicopter SAR Technician.  
4.4 This guide is the first level of training for Helicopter SAR Ttechnician and as such, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required to perform during helicopter operations.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Helicopter SAR Technician, and it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Helicopter SAR Technician.  
4.7 Though this guide establishes the minimum standards, it does not imply that a Helicopter SAR Technician is “in training,” “on probation,” or in any other similar AHJ member status. It is up to the AHJ to determine the requirements and qualifications for member ratings.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities requirements presented in the following sections are not presented in any particular order and do not represent any specific training sequence.  
4.9 A Helicopter SAR Technician shall meet the ASTM standards for the environments for which the technician will be working and shall be able to interface with ground SAR resources.  
4.9.1 In order to operate safely around or in a given sub-environment within this area of specializ...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for a helicopter inland search and rescue technician (hereafter known as Helicopter SAR Technician) with focus on the general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to function as a member of the crew with a helicopter in support of an inland search and rescue operation.  
1.2 This guide is focused on inland, non-oceanic areas of operation, including flood and swiftwater rescue operations.  
1.3 This guide is focused on persons functioning as a crewmember with helicopters only; no fixed-winged operations are included.  
1.4 General, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge and skills related to inland search and rescue are found in the following referenced ASTM documents: F1591, F1633, F1739, F1846, F2209, F2685, and F2751. The training identified in this guide supplements and enhances the search and rescue technician’s existing training, knowledge, and skills.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person must have to perform as a Land Search Team Leader. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search Team Leader shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals, organizations, and agencies that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search Team Leader.  
4.3.1 Determining the requirements and qualifications for team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.  
4.3.2 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.  
4.3.3 Nothing in this standard precludes an AHJ from requiring additional knowledge, skills, or abilities for its members.  
4.4 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by an STL or AHJ.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a book or other document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training an STL. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search Team Leader.  
4.7 The knowledge, skills, and abilities defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.8 A Land Search Team Leader shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.  
4.9 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often as required by the AHJ.  
4.10 Except where a physical skill or ability must be demonstrated the AHJ shall determine the best way to evaluate a person’s knowledge. This may be by writt...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for Land Search Team Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search-specific knowledge, skills, and experience.  
1.2 A Land Search Team Leader searches on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.  
1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training requirements for searching in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.4 No knots, rope, litter, or other rescue skills are required of a Land Search Team Leader.  
1.5 A Land Search Team Leader can be utilized as a field team leader, a single resource for sign cutting, a support person for a canine search team, and to establish search area boundaries in the field.  
1.6 A Land Search Team Leader is eligible to supervise Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993. Type II teams which may utilize personnel trained to this standard are:  
1.6.1 Kind A (wilderness);  
1.6.2 Kind B (urban);  
1.6.3 Kind C (mountainous);  
1.6.4 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);  
1.6.5 King K (missing aircraft).  
1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search Team Leader can participate on a particular kind of search team, depending on the AHJ’s regulations or policies.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide defines the use and content of Position Task Books.  
3.2 A Position Task Book lists all of the observable activities which must be performed to demonstrate the ability to successfully fill a position or operational level.  
3.2.1 Each activity, or Task, partly or fully demonstrates the existence in an individual of a specific Behavior.  
3.2.2 One or more of these Behaviors signifies that the individual is capable of a particular Competency.  
3.2.3 One or more defined Competencies are required for each position or operational level.  
3.3 Each Position Task Book used to document the suitability of an individual to perform in a particular position or operational level shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) from adding additional content to a Position Task Book.  
3.5 This document may be used by an AHJ to develop Position Task Books.
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1.1 This guide defines the use and content of Position Task Books in a “competency-based qualification system”.  
1.2 Each Position Task Book lists the competencies, behaviors, and tasks required for successful performance in a position or operational level.  
1.3 Position Task Books provide a standard form for documenting the knowledge, skills, and abilities of an individual by observation of that individual’s performance of tasks in a position or at a particular operational level. When all tasks in the PTB are successfully completed, the evaluated individual is considered qualified and eligible for assignment in that position or at that operational level.  
1.4 This guide only defines the use of Position Tasks Books and the content required for successful application. It does not define the requirements for any position or operational level.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required to use a GPS/GNSS receiver to navigate in the wilderness. A person trained to this guide shall be endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/GNSS-IIW Endorsed).  
4.1.1 Every person who is endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.2 This guide is the second level of training for wilderness GPS/GNSS use, and only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to navigate with a GPS/GNSS receiver in a wilderness environment. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, a person endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use shall also be adequately trained to travel and work in a wilderness environment.  
4.4 Depending on the regulations or policies of the AHJ, additional knowledge, skills, or abilities may be required before a person who meets the requirements in this guide may use a GPS/GNSS receiver to navigate in a wilderness environment.  
4.4.1 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It only specifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for an individual to be endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use. This guide may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.6 Though this guide establishes only minimum training, it does not imply that a person endorsed for Intermediate Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an organization. The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for member or employee ratings.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the necessary topics for training a person to be endorsed ...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required to use a GPS/GNSS2 receiver to navigate in the wilderness.  
1.2 This guide applies to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver on land, on and off roads, and on small bodies of water, wherever GPS/GNSS signals can be received.  
1.3 This guide applies to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver in disaster areas where local positioning aids or references may be lost or damaged.  
1.4 This guide does not apply to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver on large bodies of water, at sea, or in the air.  
1.5 This guide does not imply that a GPS/GNSS receiver is a replacement for a map and compass. Use of the latter is strongly recommended as a backup for GPS/GNSS navigation.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required to use a GPS/GNSS receiver to determine a position and collect navigational data in the wilderness. A person trained to this guide shall be endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use (GPS/GNSS-IW Endorsed).  
4.1.1 Every person who is endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.2 This guide is only the first level of training for wilderness GPS/GNSS use, and only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to use a GPS/GNSS receiver to determine his or her location and collect navigational data in a wilderness environment. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, a person endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use shall also be adequately trained to travel and work in a wilderness environment.  
4.4 Depending on the regulations or policies of the AHJ, additional knowledge, skills, or abilities may be required before a person who meets the requirements in this guide may use a GPS/GNSS receiver in a wilderness environment.  
4.4.1 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It only specifies the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for an individual to be endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use. This guide may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.6 Though this guide establishes only minimum training, it does not imply that a person endorsed for Basic Wilderness GPS/GNSS Use is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an organization. The AHJ is responsible for determining the requirements and qualifications for member or employee ratings.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the nec...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required to use a GPS/GNSS2 receiver to determine one’s position, and collect location data, in the wilderness.  
1.2 This guide applies to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver on land, on and off roads, and on small bodies of water, wherever GPS/GNSS signals can be received.  
1.3 This guide applies to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver in disaster areas where local positioning aids or references may be lost or damaged.  
1.4 This guide does not apply to the use of a GPS/GNSS receiver on large bodies of water, at sea, or in the air.  
1.5 A person who meets the requirements in this guide is only prepared to operate a GPS/GNSS receiver to determine his or her location, and collect position and movement information, in a wilderness environment.  
1.6 This guide does not imply that a GPS/GNSS receiver is a replacement for a map and compass. Use of the latter is strongly recommended as a backup for GPS/GNSS navigation.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
4.1.1 Mountain Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in mountainous terrain.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Mountain Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefix “Mountain Endorsed”) to their current training levels.  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in mountainous terrain as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 Mountain Endorsement only indicates that personnel are qualified to operate safely and effectively in mountainous terrain in their normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 A Mountain Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Mountain Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the mountainous environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the mountainous environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only minimum standar...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
1.2 A Mountain Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the difficult conditions found in mountainous terrain, at altitudes that may have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.  
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine environment.  
1.6 Type I-IV teams (as defined in F1993) which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified).  
1.7 Mountain Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision, as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.3 Alpine Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefixes “Alpine Endorsed” and “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.  
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.  
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.  
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.  
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.  
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM Standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.  
4.8 Though this guide establishes only min...
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.  
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.  
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.  
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.  
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in- or on-water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.5 Type I-IV teams (as defined in F1993) which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified).  
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulato...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.3 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader shall have met the requirements in this guide.  
4.4 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet the requirements in this guide and it may include additional requirements for its own members.  
4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. It can, however, be used to develop, or as part of, a training document or program.  
4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader. Likewise, this guide may be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.  
4.8 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order, and do not represent a training sequence.  
4.9 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
1.2 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader is responsible for direct supervision, general leadership, wellness, and safety of multiple SAR teams and resources operating on all land and water environments, including intertidal areas, but not oceans or swiftwater.  
1.3 Type I-IV teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are Kind A (wilderness), Kind B (urban), and Kind C (mountainous/alpine), Kind D (disaster/collapse), Kind E (inland water), Kind G (cave), Kind H (mine), Kind I (avalanche), Kind J (evidence/cadaver), Kind K (aircraft), and/or Kind L (unclassified). See ASTM F1993.  
1.4 A Land SAR Strike Team Leader/Task Force Leader may work in remote areas including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost their infrastructure.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use or as defined within a (regional or geographical) response region or by the AHJ.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is to be used to expand the performance of water rescuers and improve the emergency response and patient care delivered to victims in the water and cold water environment at lakes, ponds, quarries, and similar bodies of water.  
4.2 All persons who are identified as water rescuers shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is not intended to be used in isolation, but as a component guide, acknowledging various types/conditions at water emergencies and many duties of response at these incidents. It also establishes a minimum scope of performance and encourages the addition of optional knowledge, skills, and attitudinal objectives.  
4.4 This guide is not for ice, coastal, or river/swiftwater rescues. There will be additional standards to cover the specifics for those water characteristics.  
4.5 This guide does not establish water rescue protocols for the pool, beach, or other area lifeguards.  
4.6 This guide does not establish medical protocols, nor does it authorize invasive procedures without specific authorization and medical control.  
4.7 This guide is intended to assist government agencies; state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; marine patrols; rescue teams; and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to water emergencies.  
4.8 A water rescuer shall be wearing a PFD, plus cold water protection when applicable.
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1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for performance of a water rescuer who performs water rescues from the surface at lakes, ponds, quarries, and other similar bodies of water; assists with support for rescue divers; and provides initial patient care at a water emergency.  
1.2 This guide is one of a series which, together with Guide F1739, describe the minimum performance requirements of a water rescuer.  
1.3 Individuals who will operate in the water setting need to be aware of the equipment and physical requirements necessary to be able to perform all identified objectives and necessary skills in the setting.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is to be used to expand the performance of water rescuers and improve the emergency response and patient care delivered to victims in the cold water and ice rescue environment.  
4.2 All persons who are identified as ice rescuers shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
4.3 This guide is not intended to be used in isolation, but as a component guide acknowledging many duties of response at a cold water and ice rescue emergency. It also establishes a minimum scope of performance and encourages the addition of optional knowledge, skills, and attitudinal objectives.  
4.4 This guide does not establish medical protocols, nor does it authorize invasive procedures without specific authorization and medical control.  
4.5 This guide is intended to assist government agencies, state, local, or regional organizations, fire departments, rescue teams and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to cold water and ice emergencies.  
4.6 An ice rescuer shall be wearing an immersion suit, drysuit with PFD, or equivalent cold water protection and buoyancy to perform these rescues.
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1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scope of performance of an ice rescuer who performs cold water and ice rescues from the surface, assists with support for ice rescue divers, and provides initial patient care at a cold water or ice rescue incident.  
1.2 This guide is one of a series that, together with Guide F1739, describes the minimum performance requirements of an ice rescuer.  
1.3 Individuals who will operate in the cold water or ice rescue setting need to be aware of the equipment and physical requirements necessary to be able to perform all identified objectives and necessary skills in the setting.  
1.4 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of training required to provide awareness-level knowledge for personnel operating in and around the areas and operations listed in 1.1.  
3.2 This guide may be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training standards for land-based personnel operating in and around these areas and operations.  
3.3 A person trained to this guide is considered to be aware of the hazards and risks associated with these areas and operations.  
3.4 A person trained solely to this guide is not considered a “searcher” or “rescuer,” or both.  
3.5 This guide may be used to augment other training for a searcher or rescuer, or both.  
3.6 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is only an outline of some of the topics required for training or evaluating a searcher and/or rescuer, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.  
3.7 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the depth or detail of training needed to meet its training requirements.  
3.8 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements.  
3.9 This guide does not stand alone but must be used with the reference documents to provide the specific minimum training needed by a ground searcher and/or rescuer operating in these areas.  
3.10 This guide can be used as a reference for training of searchers or rescuers, or both.  
3.11 The information presented in the following sections is not in any particular order and does not represent a training sequence.  
3.12 It is the responsibility of the AHJ to determine the evaluation process to assess a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or some other means specified by the AHJ.
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1.1 This guide is intended for training those who normally work in natural environments, solely subject to terrain and weather-related risks, who may be asked to respond to, or who may encounter, the operations defined in 1.2.  
1.2 This guide identifies and describes hazardous situations and environments, and the associated risks affecting search and rescue personnel who may be working on or around the following:  
1.2.1 Landsearch;  
1.2.2 Land rescue;  
1.2.3 Structural collapse;  
1.2.4 Rope rescues;  
1.2.5 Confined spaces;  
1.2.6 Water, both still and moving; and  
1.2.7 Trench or excavation collapse.  
1.3 The knowledge conveyed in this guide is intended to enable search and rescue (SAR) personnel to recognize situations that may require skills or capabilities they have not been trained to perform. This understanding will allow them to seek more knowledgeable personnel to mitigate the hazard and perform such rescues or other activities required to complete their mission.  
1.4 This guide is not intended to suggest that all search and rescue personnel must have the training identified within it. However, wherever the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) deems this training to be appropriate, this document can be used as a guide.  
1.5 The AHJ shall determine what level of training constitutes sufficient competence for search and rescue personnel to enter areas, or carry out missions, which include the hazards described in this guide.  
1.6 This guide identifies some of the known disciplines of SAR and their associated hazards. It does not, however, attempt to list all hazards or risks of which a person must be aware to operate safely and effectively in and around any of the areas listed in 1.1 or in Appendix X1.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this guide is to establish a minimum level of knowledge and skills for the water rescue responder. The application will improve the quality of initial emergency response, the rescue of the water victims, and the safety of the rescuers.
All persons who are identified as water rescuers and water rescue responders shall meet the requirements of this guide.
This guide does not preclude the scope of performances for water rescuers needing more advanced or more specialized water rescue training.
This guide will assist government agencies, state, local, or regional organizations; fire departments; rescue teams, and others who are responsible for establishing a minimum performance for personnel who respond to water emergencies.
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1.1 This guide covers minimum requirements for the scope of performance of a water rescuer I who may be responsible for the initial on scene evaluation, performing land based water rescues, and providing initial patient care at a water rescue incident.
1.2 This guide is one in a series; water rescuer I is only a beginning level designed for a water rescue responder. Duties and responsibilities at water rescue operations vary according to the water rescuer's skills and knowledge. As the water rescuer level I progresses and becomes more proficient, the individual will move from responder to in-water rescuer to rescue boat operator.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this guide is to assist the user in developing procedures to determine the serviceability of rope based upon visual and tactile inspection of the rope and the rope history as documented in the rope log.
This guide is intended for use by experienced personnel deemed qualified by the user to assess the viability of rope, according to the specific needs of that user.
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1.1 This guide covers procedures to assist in the management and care of kernmantle nylon, polyester, or nylon/polyester, or both kernmantle ropes by rescue personnel.
1.2 This guide provides information intended to assist qualified, experienced personnel in establishing procedures for determining whether a rope should be placed into or returned to service. Such procedures may be used to assist in determining serviceability of used rescue ropes. Other factors which may not be included in this guide may also need to be considered when evaluating ropes.
Note 1—Interpretation of the terms “qualified” and “experienced” when referring to individuals inspecting ropes may be debatable. Because rope evaluation is a subjective practice, it is in the best interest of the user to clearly define the needs of the user, and then to train personnel according to those needs. Needs and priorities may vary greatly between users.  
1.2.1 A rope which has been used in any manner should not be returned to service without first undergoing a thorough inspection to include rope log review, visual inspection, and tactile inspection.
1.2.2 It is the responsibility of the user to understand that evaluation of a used rope is a subjective process. Due to the strength and longevity of kernmantle ropes presently used in rescue operations, it is perfectly reasonable, and even advisable, for these ropes to be reused on future operations unless the rope is physically compromised in some way. If the user chooses to reuse ropes, then the user should also establish specific guidelines, including and possibly in addition to those set forth in this guide, and provide training for personnel who will be responsible for examination of ropes.
1.3 This standard does not imply approval of any specific type of rescue rope, nor does it purport to ensure the ability of any rope to function as desired. The information included here is not to be considered the only criteria for evaluating the serviceability of rescue rope.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training rope rescuers as it relates to their rope rescue specific knowledge and skills. A person trained to this guide is an endorsed Level III Rope Rescuer (LRT-R3 Rescuer).  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is only the third level of training for rope rescue personnel and, in conjunction with Guides F2209, F2751, F2752, and F2954, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform or lead advanced rope rescue. No other advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.1.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer shall also be adequately trained to operate effectively and safely in the environment in which he is expected to work (that is, wilderness, urban, industrial, and so forth).  
4.1.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.2 Endorsement to Level III Rope Rescue (LRT-R3 Rescuer) is an indication that a person possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. A person so endorsed is qualified to support or direct a rope rescue team in an area with high fall exposure and/or falling hazard potential, including high angle environments.  
4.3 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer. It may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.3.1 This guide does not stand alone. It must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer or for an AHJ to properly evaluate a training program or text.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer is a “trainee,” “probat...
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1.1 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with, and as an add-on to, Guides F2751, F2752, and F2954 (or equivalent for other environments), to address the specific knowledge and skills required for a rescuer who participates in rope rescue at a higher level of responsibility and complexity.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide is intended to define the training that would prepare an endorsed Level III Rope Rescuer (LRT-R3) or equivalent to support or direct a team in advanced rope rescue functions, including pre-planning and size-up of rope rescue operations, designing and directing the construction of rope systems for moving a victim in low and high angle environments, directing the construction and operation of highline and related rope systems, and performing advanced rope rigging functions, in conjunction with other rescue duties.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for an endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer as related to general, field, and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.  
1.2 An endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer performs rope rescues in low and high angle terrain and is capable of directing LRT-R1 and LRT-R2 Rescuers.  
1.2.1 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing or assisting in rescues that occur in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.2.2 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for climbing Class 5 or higher rock and/or ice to perform a rescue.  
1.3 An endorsed LRT-R3 Rescuer is required to have knowledge and skill sets pertaining to technically advanced subject evacuation. These include but are not limited to advanced knots and rigging, functioning as a litter tender in a high angle lowering or raising operation, and directing a team in the rescue of a subject suspended in a high angle environment.  
1.4 Type III ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training rope rescuers as it relates to their rope rescue specific knowledge and skills. A person trained to this guide is an endorsed Level II Rope Rescuer (LRT-R2 Rescuer).  
4.1.1 Every person who is identified as an endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer shall have met the requirements of this guide.  
4.1.2 This guide is only the second level of training for rope rescue personnel and, in conjunction with Guides F2209 and F2752, only establishes the minimum knowledge and skills required for a person to perform intermediate rope rescue. No other advanced skills are included or implied.  
4.1.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this guide, an endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer shall also be adequately trained to operate effectively and safely in the environment in which he is expected to work (that is, wilderness, urban, industrial, and so forth).  
4.1.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.  
4.2 Endorsement to Level II Rope Rescue (LRT-R2 Rescuer) is not an indication that a person possesses adequate field skills or knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. However, under authorized supervision, a person so endorsed is qualified to support a rope rescue team in an area with high fall exposure and/or falling hazard potential, including high angle environments.  
4.3 This guide by itself is not a complete training document. It is only an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer. It may, however, be used in the development of, or as part of, a complete training document or program.  
4.3.1 This guide does not stand alone. It must be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by an endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer or for an AHJ to properly evaluate a training program or text.  
4.4 Though this guide establishes only minimum standards, it does not imply that an endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer is a “train...
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1.1 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with, and as an add-on to, Guide F2751 and Guide F2752 (or equivalent for other environments), to address the specific knowledge and skills required for a rescuer who participates in rope rescue at a higher level of responsibility and complexity.  
1.1.1 Specifically, this guide is intended to define the training that would prepare an endorsed Level II Rope Rescuer (LRT-R2) or equivalent (under qualified supervision) to assist and support rope rescue operations at an intermediate level, including patient packaging, litter rigging, ascending and descending fixed ropes in a high angle environment, and constructing raising and lowering systems, in conjunction with other rescue duties.  
1.1.2 This guide establishes the minimum training standard for an endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer as related to general, field, and rope rescue-specific knowledge and skills.  
1.1.3 An endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer must work under the direct supervision of qualified rope rescue personnel.  
1.2 An endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer performs rope rescues in low and high angle terrain, and may serve as a litter attendant in low (but not high) angle terrain. An endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer is capable of safely assisting rope rescuers who have higher level endorsements.  
1.2.1 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing or assisting in rescues that occur in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
1.3 An endorsed LRT-R2 Rescuer is required to have knowledge and skill sets pertaining to the intermediate subject evacuation component of rope rescue. These include but are not limited to patient packaging, construction of an anchor system, construction of simple and compound rope mechanical advantage systems, and construction and use of lowering (fixed-brake) rope systems.  
1.4 Type II te...