ASTM D7005-03(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of Geocomposites
Standard Test Method for Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of Geocomposites
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is to be used as a quality control or quality assurance test. As a manufacturing quality control (MQC) test, it would generally be used by the geocomposite product manufacturer or fabricator. As a construction quality assurance (CQA) test, it would be used by certification or inspection organizations.
This test method can also be used to verify if the adhesion or bond strength varies after exposure to various incubation media in durability and/or chemical resistance testing.
Whatever use is to be associated with the test, it should be understood that this is an index test.
Note 2—There have been numerous attempts to relate the results of this test to the interface shearing resistance of the respective materials determined per Test Method D 5321. To date, no relationships have been established between the two properties.
Test Method D 7005 for determining the bond strength (ply adhesion) strength may be used as an acceptance test of commercial shipments of geocomposites, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.4.1 are advisable.
In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using the procedure in Test Method D 7005 for acceptance of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should first confirm that the tests were conducted using comparable test parameters including specimen conditioning, grip faces, grip size, etc. Comparative tests should then be conducted to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of the material in question. The test specimens should be randomly assigned to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared to the ...
SCOPE
1.1 It has been widely discussed in the literature that bond strength of flexible multi-ply materials is difficult to measure with current technology. The above is recognized and accepted, since all known methods of measurement include the force required to bend the separated layers, in addition to that required to separate them. However, useful information can be obtained when one realizes that the bending force is included and that direct comparison between different materials, or even between the same materials of different thickness, cannot be made. Also, conditioning that affects the moduli of the plies will be reflected in the bond strength measurement.
1.2 This index test method defines a procedure for comparing the bond strength or ply adhesion of geocomposites. The focus is on geotextiles bonded to geonets or other types of drainage cores; for example, geomats, geospacers, etc. Other possible uses are geotextiles adhered or bonded to themselves, geomembranes, geogrids, or other dissimilar materials. Various processes can make such laminates: adhesives, thermal bonding, stitch bonding, needling, spread coating, etc.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 11.1.1
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7005 − 03(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Bond Strength (Ply Adhesion) of
Geocomposites
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7005; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
1.1 It has been widely discussed in the literature that bond
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
strength of flexible multi-ply materials is difficult to measure
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
withcurrenttechnology.Theaboveisrecognizedandaccepted,
D5321 Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Soil
since all known methods of measurement include the force
and Geosynthetic or Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Fric-
required to bend the separated layers, in addition to that
tion by the Direct Shear Method
required to separate them. However, useful information can be
obtained when one realizes that the bending force is included
3. Terminology
and that direct comparison between different materials, or even
between the same materials of different thickness, cannot be
3.1 Definitions:
made. Also, conditioning that affects the moduli of the plies
3.1.1 bond strength (ply adhesion)—amount of force re-
will be reflected in the bond strength measurement.
quired(perunitwidth)toseparatepliesofmaterialormaterials
1.2 This index test method defines a procedure for compar- in peeling mode plus the force to bend the plies.
ing the bond strength or ply adhesion of geocomposites. The
3.1.2 necking—localized reduction in cross section, which
focus is on geotextiles bonded to geonets or other types of
may occur in a material under tensile stress.
drainage cores; for example, geomats, geospacers, etc. Other
3.1.3 geocomposite—a product composed of two or more
possible uses are geotextiles adhered or bonded to themselves,
materials, at least one of which is a geosynthetic.
geomembranes,geogrids,orotherdissimilarmaterials.Various
processes can make such laminates: adhesives, thermal
3.1.4 geosynthetic—a planar product manufactured from
bonding, stitch bonding, needling, spread coating, etc.
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
man-made project structure, or system.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information purposes only.
3.1.5 geotextile—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
solely of textiles.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.6 geonet—a geosynthetic consisting of integrally con-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at various
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
angles for planar drainage of liquids or gases.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.1.7 geomat/geospacer—any three dimensional, polymeric
tionary statements are given in 11.1.1
material used with soil, rock, or other geotechnical engineering
2. Referenced Documents
related material as an integral part of a man-made project,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
structure, or system.
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
3.1.8 index test—a test procedure, which may contain a
known bias but may be used to establish an order for a set of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
specimens with respect to the property of interest.
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
cal Properties.
3.1.9 machine direction—the direction in the plane of the
Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
fabric parallel to the direction of manufacture.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D7005–03. DOI:
10.1520/D7005-03R08.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7005 − 03 (2008)
3.1.10 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics—air maintained 6. Apparatus
at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of
6.1 Grips—Agripping system that minimizes both slippage
21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F).
and uneven stress distribution is required. Grips lined with thin
3.2 For definitions of other terms refer to Terminology
rubber, crocus clothe or pressure sensitive tape, as well as
D4439.
file-facedorserratedgripshasbeensuccessfullyusedformany
materials. Air-actuated grips have been found advantageous,
4. Summary of Test Method
particularly in the case of materials that tend to “neck” in the
grips, since pressure is maintained at all times. Grip faces shall
4.1 Initially the geotextile is separated from its associated
measure not less than 50.8 mm (2.0 in.) wide by no less than
material with care. The separated plies of the test specimen are
100 mm (4 in.) long, with the longer dimension perpendicular
placed into the grips of a tensile testing machine. The grips are
to the direction of the applied load.
then separated and the force required to further separate the
plies is defined as bond strength.
6.2 Testing Machine—A tensile testing machine with com-
NOTE 1—The force to bend the separated plies is included in the
puter acquisition capabilities conforming to the requirements
measured force.
for Specification D76.
5. Significance and Use
6.3 Specimen Cutter—A die 101.6 62mm(4 6 0.08 in.)
wide by at least 200 mm (8 in.) long.
5.1 This test method is to be used as a quality control or
quality assurance test. As a manufacturing quality control
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
(MQC) test, it would generally be used by the geocomposite
product manufacturer or fabricator. As a construction quality
7.1 Sampling must be performed in a manner that will
assurance (CQA) test, it would be used by certification or
provide the desired information. No single procedure can be
inspection organizations.
given for all situations. Therefore, Practice D4354 should be
used as a guide in planning sampling procedures.
5.2 This test method can also be used to verify if the
adhesion or bond strength varies after exposure to various
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For sampling, disregard the first
incubation media in durability and/or chemical resistance
meter(3ft)andthelastmeter(3ft)ofmaterialfromthesample
testing.
roll. Consider the units in the laboratory sample. For the
5.3 Whatever use is to be associated with the test, it should laboratory sample, take a swatch at a minimum of 30 cm (1 ft)
in the machine direction by the roll width.
be understood that this is an index test.
NOTE2—Therehavebeennumerousattemptstorelatetheresultsofthis
7.3 Test Specimens—Take no specimen nearer the selvedge
test to the interface shearing resistance of the respective materials
or edge of the sample than ⁄20 of the width of the roll, or 150
determined per Test Method D5321. To date, no relationships have been
mm (6 in.), whichever is larger, from the bonded material. Cut
established between the two properties.
strips 101.6 62mm(4 6 0.08 in.) wide and at least 200 mm
5.4 Test Method D7005 for determining the bond strength
(8 in.) long, parallel to the direction under test. For geocom-
(ply adhesion) strengt
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.