ASTM C285-10

Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain Enamel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The fineness of the frit has a direct bearing on many of its properties, such as fusibility, tearing, gloss, opacity, suspension in the slip, and ease of spraying.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the fineness of frit in wet- or dry-milled porcelain enamels and other ceramic coatings for metals by means of the No. 200 (75-μm) or No. 325 (45-μm) sieve.
1.2 The two methods appear as follows:

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2010
• ICS: 25.220.50 - Enamels
• Technical Committee: B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
• Drafting Committee: B08.12 - Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C285-88(2005) - Standard Test Methods for Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain Enamel
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010
• Referred By: ASTM C286-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C285 − 10
StandardTest Methods for
Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain
1
Enamel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
These test methods provide a rapid means of determining the fineness of glass frit in wet- or
dry-milled porcelain enamel coating materials by sieve analysis. Fineness is a key predicator of
fusibility, tearing, gloss, opacity, suspension in the slip, and ease of spraying because of the direct
relationship to surface area.
1. Scope E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
Sieves
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
fineness of frit in wet- or dry-milled porcelain enamels and
3. Significance and Use
other ceramic coatings for metals by means of the No. 200
(75-µm) or No. 325 (45-µm) sieve.
3.1 The fineness of the frit has a direct bearing on many of
itsproperties,suchasfusibility,tearing,gloss,opacity,suspen-
1.2 The two methods appear as follows:
sion in the slip, and ease of spraying.
Sections
METHOD A—REFEREE METHOD
Method A—Referee Method 4to9
Method B—Routine Method 10 to 14
4. Apparatus
1.3 MethodAis intended for use where a referee method of
higher accuracy is required, while Method B is intended to
4.1 Balance—The balance or scale shall be of at least 500-g
meet the needs of normal enamel plant production control
capacity, and accurate to 0.1 g.
operations where a rapid, simplified method of sieve testing is
4.2 Sieves—The sieves shall conform to Specification E11.
required. The accuracy of the simplified method has proved to
They shall include the No. 40 (425-µm) sieve and also the No.
be entirely adequate for this use. The simplified test, however,
200 (75-µm) or the No. 325 (45-µm) sieve (Note 1), or both.A
is not recommended where high accuracy is required.
No.325sieveshallbeusedwhenthefinenessissuchthat,from
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a sample containing 100 g of dry solids, less than2gis
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
retained on a No. 200 sieve. An 8-in. (203-mm) full-height
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sieveisrecommended.Thisheightispreferredbecausethereis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
less tendency to flood or splash, and also because it fits
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
commercial automatic tapping and shaking machines. All
sieves used for testing shall be standardized initially and after
2. Referenced Documents
every 50 tests against a reference sieve tested by the National
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Bureau of Standards and bearing its precision seal. The
correction for the sieve used in this test shall be determined by
sievingtestsmadeinconformitywiththeprocedureofthistest
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
method.Identicalsamplesshallbesievedthroughthereference
Metallic and Inorganic Coatingsand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
sieve and the test sieve. Test materials shall be chosen so that
B08.12 on Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
5 to 10% of the material will be retained on the reference
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
sieve. The difference between the percentage residue on the
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C285–88 (2005).
DOI: 10.1520/C0285-10.
reference sieve and that on the test sieve is the amount of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
correction which shall be algebraically added to, or subtracted
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
from, the correction for the reference sieve to obtain the final
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. correction (Note 2). The No. 40 sieve need not be calibrated.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C285 − 10
NOTE 1—Tyler Standard Sieves of 35, 200, and 325 mesh correspond,
get the same result as that obtained with hand sieving.
respectively, toASTM sieves No. 40, 200, and 325 (U.S. Standard Sieve
Calibrate the machine-sieving operation in terms of hand
Series numbers).
sieving.
NOTE 2—For example, when comparing the reference sieve with a test
sieve, should 8.5 g be retained on the reference sieve and 7.5 g on the test
7. Procedure for Dry-Milled Ena
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C285–88(Reapproved 2005) Designation:C285–10
Standard Test Methods for
Sieve Analysis of Wet-Milled and Dry-Milled Porcelain
1
Enamel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C285; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
These test methods provide a rapid means of determining the fineness of glass frit in wet- or
dry-milled porcelain enamel coating materials by sieve analysis. Fineness is a key predicator of
fusibility, tearing, gloss, opacity, suspension in the slip, and ease of spraying because of the direct
relationship to surface area.
1. Scope
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverthedeterminationofthefinenessoffritinwet-ordry-milledporcelainenamelsandotherceramic
coatings for metals by means of the No. 200 (75-µm) or No. 325 (45-µm) sieve.
1.2 The two methods appear as follows:
Sections
Method A—Referee Method 4to9
Method B—Routine Method 10 to 14
1.3 MethodAis intended for use where a referee method of higher accuracy is required, while Method B is intended to meet
the needs of normal enamel plant production control operations where a rapid, simplified method of sieve testing is required. The
accuracyofthesimplifiedmethodhasprovedtobeentirelyadequateforthisuse.Thesimplifiedtest,however,isnotrecommended
where high accuracy is required.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The fineness of the frit has a direct bearing on many of its properties, such as fusibility, tearing, gloss, opacity, suspension
in the slip, and ease of spraying.
METHOD A—REFEREE METHOD
4. Apparatus
4.1 Balance—The balance or scale shall be of at least 500-g capacity, and accurate to 0.1 g.
4.2 Sieves—The sieves shall conform to Specification E11. They shall include the No. 40 (425-µm) sieve and also the No. 200
(75-µm)ortheNo.325(45-µm)sieve(Note1),orboth.ANo.325sieveshallbeusedwhenthefinenessissuchthat,fromasample
containing 100 g of dry solids, less than2gis retained on a No. 200 sieve.An 8-in. (203-mm) full-height sieve is recommended.
This height is preferred because there is less tendency to flood or splash, and also because it fits commercial automatic tapping
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12
on Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2005.April 1, 2010. Published September 2005.May 2010. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 19992005
as C285–88 (1999).(2005). DOI: 10.1520/C0285-88R05.10.1520/C0285-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C285–10
and shaking machines.All sieves used for testing shall be standardized initially and after every 50 tests against a reference sieve
tested by the National Bureau of Standards and bearing its precision seal. The correction for the sieve used in this test shall be
determined by sieving tests made in conformity with the procedure of this test method. Identical samples shall be sieved through
the reference sieve and the test sieve. Test materials shall be chosen so that 5 to 10% of the material will be retained on the
reference sieve. The difference between the percentage residue on the reference sieve and that on the test sieve is the amount of
correction which shall be algebraically added to, or subtracted from, the correction for the reference sieve to obtain the final
correction (Note 2). The No. 40 sieve need not be calibrated.
NOTE 1—Tyler Standard Sieves of 35, 200, and 325 mesh correspond, respectively, toASTM sieves No. 40, 200, and 325 (U.S
...