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ASTM E126-05a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers

Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this test method is to establish a common method by which manufacturers and users of ASTM hydrometers inspect, verify, or calibrate their hydrometers.
The goal is to provide a standard method that is simple, easily understood, and will produce reliable results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and procedures for the inspection, calibration, and verification of ASTM glass hydrometers. This test method is applicable to ASTM hydrometers and may be used for other general hydrometers of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type.Note 1
User must determine the applicability of this method for hydrometers other than ASTM hydrometers. Method studies were completed for ASTM hydrometers only and the precision and bias statements were developed using ASTM hydrometers only. References to other types of hydrometers are for user information only.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2005
ICS
17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
Technical Committee
E20 - Temperature Measurement
Drafting Committee
E20.05 - Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E126-05 - Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Hydrometers
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E126-12 - Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers
Effective Date
15-Nov-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2995-15a(2020) - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermohydrometers with Integral Low-Hazard Thermometers
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM E100-19 - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7928-21e1 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Fine-Grained Soils Using the Sedimentation (Hydrometer) Analysis
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D6466-10(2018) - Standard Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibers By Sirolan-Laserscan Fiber Diameter Analyser
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D287-22 - Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer/Method)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM E50-17 - Standard Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4371/D4371M-06(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Washability Characteristics of Coal
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM E344-20 - Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005

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ASTM E126-05a - Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM HydrometersASTM E126-05a - Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers
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ASTM E126-05a - Standard Test Method for Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM Hydrometers
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E126 −05a
StandardTest Method for
Inspection, Calibration, and Verification of ASTM
1
Hydrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
1.1 This test method describes the principles, apparatus, and
mometers
procedures for the inspection, calibration, and verification of
E100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
ASTM glass hydrometers. This test method is applicable to
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
ASTM hydrometers and may be used for other general
etry
hydrometers of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type.
E2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
NOTE 1— User must determine the applicability of this method for
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
hydrometers other than ASTM hydrometers. Method studies were com-
pleted for ASTM hydrometers only and the precision and bias statements
3. Terminology
were developed usingASTM hydrometers only. References to other types
of hydrometers are for user information only.
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given inTerminology E344
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
apply.
asthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathemati-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
cal conversions to SI units that are provided for information
3.2.1 API gravity, n—a relative index of density for petro-
onlyandarenotconsideredstandard.Themetricequivalentsof
leum products developed by theAmerican Petroleum Institute.
inch-pound units may be approximate.
API gravity is defined as:
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
API Gravity,deg 5 141.5/ rel. density 60/60 °F 2 131.5 (1)
@ ~ !#
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Values of API gravity are typically expressed in degrees API,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that is, 39.60 °API.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.2 comparator, n— in this test method, a device to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
contain liquid, in which the readings of the test hydrometer
2. Referenced Documents may be evaluated against the values observed on the reference
2 standard. Examples of suitable comparators are given in the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Appendix.
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
Gases, Manual Method
3.2.3 density, n—mass of a unit volume of material.
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Unitsofdensityinhydrometersinclude
3
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
kg/l (kilograms per liter), kg/m (kilograms per cubic meter),
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
and g/l (grams per liter); each typically expressed as mass per
3
D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light
volume at a specified temperature, that is, kg/m at 15 °C. As
3
Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer
of this writing, only the kg/m at 15 °C scale is offered in
ASTM hydrometers (see Specification E100).
1
3.2.4 relative density (formerly specific gravity), n—ratio of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05
the mass of a given volume of material at a stated temperature
on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
tothemassofanequalvolumeofgas-freedistilledwateratthe
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originally
same or different temperature. Both reference temperatures
approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E126 – 05. DOI:
10.1520/E0126-05A. shall be explicitly stated.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Common reference temperatures in-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
clude 60 °F/60 °F, 20 °C/20 °C, 20 °C/4 °C. The historic term,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specific gravity, may still be found.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E126−05a
3.2.5 specific gravity, n— obsolete term, replaced by rela- statement of measurement uncertainty. It is desirable that the
tive density. corr
...

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This specification covers glass hydrometers of various scale graduation systems, as required by the ASTM test methods in which they are used. Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, except for the scale, ballasting material, and the thermometric liquid of thermohydrometers. Material used for ballast shall be secured to the lower part of the body, and no loose material of any sort may be inside a hydrometer. The stem shall be uniform in cross section, with no perceptible irregularities. The preferred shapes for the bodies of hydrometers are presented. Graduation lines and inscriptions shall be in a permanent black marking material, such as India ink. All hydrometers shall be graduated to read correctly where the plane of the level liquid surface intersects the stem. The thermometer shall be of the mercury-in-glass type, unless otherwise specified. Hydrometers shall be inspected, tested, and standardized in accordance with the requirements prescribed.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.
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1.1 This test method measures the change in mass of a rolled erosion control product when specimens are submerged in water for a prescribed period of time. The change in mass is reported as a percentage of the original dry mass of the specimen.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [given in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
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This test method covers the procedures for determining the viscosity of transparent liquids by bubble time method. The transparent liquids should be free from crystalline or gel particles. Test apparatus include a constant-temperature bath, standard viscosity tubes, a series of standard viscosity tubes as reference standards, timing device, tube racks, and viscosity tube corks.
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ASTM E3116-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Viscosity Measurement Validation of Rotational Viscometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method may be used to validate the performance of a specific rotational viscometer apparatus.  
5.2 This test method may be used to validate the performance of a specific method based upon the measurement of viscosity using rotational viscometer apparatus.  
5.3 This test method may be used to determine the repeatability of a specific apparatus, operator, or laboratory.  
5.4 This test method may be used for specification or regulatory compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides procedures for validating viscosity measurements by rotational viscometers of Newtonian fluids. Performance parameters determined include viscosity repeatability (precision), detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and bias.  
1.2 Validation of apparatus performance and analytical methods is requested or required for quality initiatives or where results may be used for legal purposes.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E2408-04(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Extensional Viscosity of Agricultural Spray Tank Mixes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Extensional viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to stretching forces, such as those occurring during the disruption of liquid films and the formation of sprays used in agriculture and other purposes including painting operations or metal working. This method for measurement of a Screen Factor, gives a relative value for extensional viscosity, which may be used:  
4.1.1 To compare the potential for drift control of different polymers.  
4.1.2 To compare the relative extensional viscosity component of different spray tank mixtures.  
4.1.3 To determine the extent of breakdown of polymer solutions used as drift control additives during the recirculation of the solutions through pumps and screens.  
4.1.4 To use as a parameter in the Spray Drift Task Force Models for droplet size prediction.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative extensional viscosity or Screen Factor (SF) of dilute agricultural spray mixes.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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