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ASTM D2794-93(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)

Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Coatings attached to substrates are subjected to damaging impacts during the manufacture of articles and their use in service. In its use over many years, this test method for impact resistance has been found to be useful in predicting the performance of organic coatings for their ability to resist cracking caused by impacts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapidly deforming by impact a coating film and its substrate and for evaluating the effect of such deformation.  
1.2 This test method should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor reproducibility of the method. Interlaboratory agreement is improved when ranking is used in place of numerical values.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2004
ICS
25.220.60 - Organic coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2794-93(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D2794-93(2010) - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM D4956-19 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM F2589-16(2021) - Standard Specification for Ornamental Fences Employing Steel Tubular Pickets
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D16-23 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8161-17(2022) - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials over a Highway Substrate by Means of a Striker Impacted by a Falling Weight
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM E2486/E2486M-22 - Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Class PB and PI Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM E1797-12(2017)e1 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Liquid Coating Encapsulation Products for Leaded Paint in Buildings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6905-20 - Standard Practice for Impact Flexibility of Organic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8260-20 - Standard Specification for Hot-Applied Asphalt Aggregate-Filled Mastic
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7230-06(2021) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Polymeric Lining Systems for Water Immersion in Coating Service Level III Safety-Related Applications on Metal Substrates
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004

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ASTM D2794-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)ASTM D2794-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
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ASTM D2794-93(2004) - Standard Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2794–93(Reapproved2004)
Standard Test Method for
Resistance of Organic Coatings to the Effects of Rapid
Deformation (Impact)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2794; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rapidly deform- 4.1 The organic coatings under test are applied to suitable
ingbyimpactacoatingfilmanditssubstrateandforevaluating thin metal panels. After the coatings have cured, a standard
the effect of such deformation. weight is dropped a distance so as to strike an indenter that
1.2 This test method should be restricted to testing in only deforms the coating and the substrate. The indentation can be
one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the either an intrusion or an extrusion. By gradually increasing the
poor reproducibility of the method. Interlaboratory agreement distance the weight drops, the point at which failure usually
is improved when ranking is used in place of numerical values. occurs can be determined. Films generally fail by cracking,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety which is made more visible by the use of a magnifier, by the
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility application of a copper sulfate (CuSO ) solution on steel, or by
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and the use of a pin hole detector.
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
5. Significance and Use
limitations prior to use.
5.1 Coatings attached to substrates are subjected to damag-
2. Referenced Documents
ing impacts during the manufacture of articles and their use in
2.1 ASTM Standards: service. In its use over many years, this test method for impact
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels resistance has been found to be useful in predicting the
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and performance of organic coatings for their ability to resist
Related Coating Products cracking caused by impacts.
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
6. Apparatus
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of 6.1 Tester,consistingofaverticaltubetoguideacylindrical
weight that is dropped on a punch resting on the test panel.
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
a Ferrous Base 6.1.1 Guide Tube, 24 to 48 in. (0.6 to 1.2 m) long mounted
vertically in a base plate. A slot is cut lengthwise on one side
3. Terminology
of the tube to act as a guide for a cylindrical weight that fits
3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard: inside the tube. Graduations are marked in inch-pounds along
3.1.1 impact resistance, of a coating—the number of inch- the slot. The base is constructed so that a thin flat panel can be
pounds (kilogram-metres) required to produce cracking in the inserted at 2 in. (50 mm) below the tube.
deformed coating. 6.1.2 Weight, metal cylinder, made to fit inside the guide
tube.Apin is fitted into one side of the weight to act as a guide
by riding in the slot of the tube and to serve as a handle by
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
which the weight can be raised and released and serve as the
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films. indicator of inch-pounds (kilogram-metres).
Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally
6.2 Indenter—A steel punch with a hemispherical head
´1
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2794 – 93 (1999) .
having a diameter of either 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) or 0.625 in.
DOI: 10.1520/D2794-93R04.
(15.9 mm). The head rests on the test panel and the punch is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
held vertically by a guide ring.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.3 Panel Support—A steel fixture with a 0.64-in. (16.3-
the ASTM website.
mm) diameter cylindrical hole centered under the indenter for
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
supporting the test panel.
on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2794–93 (2004)
6.4 Magnifier. pacted areas for at least 15 min. Remove the cloth and examine
6.5 Pin Hole Detector. both the test areas and cloth for evidence of copper deposition
or iron-rust staining respectively.
7. Reagents
NOTE 3—The copper sulfate solution will not perform properly on
7.1 An acidified copper sulfate (CuSO ) solution prepared
zinc-phosphate-treated metal unless the conversion coating cracks.
by dissolving 10 g of CuSO ·5HOin90gof1.0 N hydro-
4 2
10.3.3 To detect breaks in the film with a pin hole detector,
chloric acid (HCl).
first conne
...

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5.1 Stresses in coatings arise as a result of their shrinkage or expansion if expected movements are prevented by coating adhesion to its substrate.  
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