ASTM D5531-05(2011)

Standard Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of Coatings

ABSTRACT
This guide covers three levels of physical product standards (preparation, maintenance, and distribution) for color or geometric appearance, or both, of coatings commonly used in the coatings industry. Described here is terminology to describe each level, and techniques for generating and caring for standards. Product standards are the only standards by which products should be accepted or rejected for color or appearance. A master standard is generated from the concept color submitted by the customer. Duplicate master standards, when needed, are generated from the master standard. Working standards are generated from a duplicate master standard. They are used in the laboratory or on the production line to accept or reject the color or appearance of coatings. After initial generation, product standards must be maintained to ensure they remain valid. This guide considers the characteristics of product standards, factors to be considered in their creation, and factors to be considered in their replacement.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
High quality physical product standards for color or appearance are the keystone of a successful color control program. Standards are often grouped into three major categories: product standards, intermediate production control standards, and instrument standards. This guide deals only with physical product standards. Some instrument-based color control programs use “numerical standards,” derived from instrumental measurements of a physical product standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers three levels of physical product standards for color or appearance, or both, commonly used in the coatings industry, provides terminology to describe each level, and describes techniques for generating and caring for standards.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2011
• ICS: 87.020 - Paint coating processes
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.26 - Optical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5531-05 - Standard Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D3451-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D3134-15(2019) - Standard Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D1729-22 - Standard Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D7195-21 - Standard Guide for Setting Object Color Specifications
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5531 − 05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Guide for
Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical
Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of
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Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5531; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E284Terminology of Appearance
E308PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
1.1 This guide covers three levels of physical product
the CIE System
standards for color or appearance, or both, commonly used in
E430TestMethodsforMeasurementofGlossofHigh-Gloss
the coatings industry, provides terminology to describe each
Surfaces by Abridged Goniophotometry
level, and describes techniques for generating and caring for
E805Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of
standards.
Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E1164PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Color Evaluation
only.
E1331Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E1345Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- E1347Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1349Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
2. Referenced Documents
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: Geometry
D16TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
2.2 Society of Automotive Engineers Standard:
Applications
SAE J1545Recommended Practice for Instrumental Color
D523Test Method for Specular Gloss
Difference Measurement for Exterior Finishes, Textiles,
3
D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
and Colored Trim
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1729Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color 3. Terminology
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
3.1 The definitions in Terminology E284 and D16 are
D2244Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
applicable to this standard.The terms in E284 take precedence
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
over those in D16 if differences exist.
Coordinates
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D3134Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
3.2.1 concept color, n—the color of the material submitted
D4086Practice for Visual Evaluation of Metamerism
by the customer as the target for generating the master
D4449Test Method for Visual Evaluation of Gloss Differ-
standard.
ences Between Surfaces of Similar Appearance
3.2.2 master standard, n—the physical standard for color
that the customer approves as the target for visual,
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
spectrophotometric,andcolorimetricevaluationofallproducts
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
referenced to that standard.
Subcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally
3.2.2.1 Discussion—In SAE J1545 this is referred to as the
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D5531-05. DOI:
“official” standard.
10.1520/D5531-05R11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
the ASTM website. Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D5531 − 05 (2011)
3.2.3 duplicate master standard, n—areplicateofthemaster such as ceramic for standards, but such substitution should be
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standard that serves as the master standard at a secondary avoided. Fairman states: “While a ceramic tile may be
location. recognized as a material of greater permanence than the
3.2.3.1 Discussion—In SAE J1545 this is referred to as the o
...