ASTM F119-82(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials (Rapid Method)
Standard Test Method for Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials (Rapid Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is valuable in the development and selection of flexible barrier materials suited for use as grease barriers.
The test is rapid in comparison with other methods because of the extremely small quantity of oil required for detection (about 6 μg). The actual time to failure is a multiple of the values obtained by this test method. When permeation is through an absorbent structure such as kraft paper coated with polyethylene, the failure times will be longer and variable, depending on the variation in porosity and thickness of the structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides standard conditions for determining the rate of grease penetration of flexible barrier materials. Pinholes, which can be measured by a separate test, will increase the rate of grease penetration as determined by this test method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F119 − 82(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials
(Rapid Method)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF119;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope tained in a weighted cotton patch.The time required to show a
visual change caused by wetting (reduction in light scattering)
1.1 This test method provides standard conditions for deter-
of a ground-glass back-up plate is measured.
mining the rate of grease penetration of flexible barrier
materials. Pinholes, which can be measured by a separate test,
4. Significance and Use
will increase the rate of grease penetration as determined by
this test method.
4.1 This test method is valuable in the development and
selection of flexible barrier materials suited for use as grease
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information barriers.
only.
4.2 The test is rapid in comparison with other methods
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
because of the extremely small quantity of oil required for
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
detection (about 6 µg). The actual time to failure is a multiple
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
ofthevaluesobtainedbythistestmethod.Whenpermeationis
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
through an absorbent structure such as kraft paper coated with
tions prior to use.
polyethylene, the failure times will be longer and variable,
depending on the variation in porosity and thickness of the
2. Referenced Documents
structure.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D374Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
5. Apparatus
lation
5.1 Backing Plates, ground-glass, 50 by 50 by 3-mm (2 by
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
2by ⁄8-in.), very fine grind on one side only.
D1898Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
2.2 TAPPI Standard:
NOTE 1—The ground-glass backing plates may be prepared from 2 by
TAPPI T465 sm-52 Creasing of Paper for Water Vapor
2-in. squares of ⁄8-in. plate glass by lightly grinding the surface with a
Permeability Tests
silicon carbide abrasive as follows: Place a piece of plate glass approxi-
mately 1ft square on a flat surface. Mix some abrasive and water in small
3. Summary of Test Method
quantitiestomakeafairlyuniformpaste.Placeoneofthe2-in.squaresof
plate glass face down in the abrasive paste, and rotate it in a figure eight
3.1 Flexible barrier materials, uncreased or creased by a
movement with the finger tips using the slightest amount of pressure.
standard procedure, are exposed on one side to grease con-
Whenthepastegetstooheavy,removetheplateglasssquarefromthebed
and wash it to remove all traces of abrasive.Add more water to the thick
abrasive paste on the bed. (If necessary, add small amounts of abrasive.)
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF02onFlexible
Continue the process until a uniform and light overall etch is present on
Barrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 on
the face of the square. When a uniform etch has been obtained, wash the
Permeation.
square thoroughly to remove all traces of abrasive and pat dry with lens
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F119–82 (2002). tissue.
DOI: 10.1520/F0119-82R08.
5.2 Weights, 50-g, 20 mm (0.75 in.) in diameter at the base.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 Patches, rifle cleaning, cotton flannel.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 5.4 Medicine dropper.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
5.5 Forced-Circulation Oven, designed to maintain a test
Available from TechnicalAssociation of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI),
15 Technology Parkway South, Norcross, GA 30092, http://www.tappi.org. temperature of 40 or 60°C within 61°C.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F119 − 82 (2008)
5.6 Creasing Surface, consisting of a flat rectangular plate 8. Procedure
(for example, a piece of machined metal plate about 10 mm
8.1 Placethetestspecimenofmeasuredthicknessonaclean
thick or a piece of plate glass) with a width at least 75 mm (3
ground-glass backing plate. The film specimen should more
in.) on all sides.
than cover the glass backing plate so premature edge creep
5.7 Creasing Platen, consisting of a 5.5-kg (12-lb) square failure does not occur. Test specimens should include flat,
metal bar with 65-mm (2.5-in.) sides and a flat base. creased into, and creased away from the side that will come
into contact with grease in the package.
NOTE 2—The developers of this method believe that a standard crease
is easier to obtain with a flat platen than with a roller. The weight of the
NOTE 3—Previously used ground-glass backing plates should be
platen was selected to conform to the weight loading per inch of crease in
thoroughlycleanedbyallowingthemtostandovernightinachromicacid
TAPPI T465 sm-52.
solution.
5.8 Flat Strip of wood or metal to give the specimen a
8.2 Cut the cotton flannel rifle cleaning patches into 20-mm
preliminary light crease.
(0.75-in.) diameter disks to just fit under the 50-g weight.
5.9 Thickness Measuring Device, capable of measuring
8.3 Placetwocottonflanneldisksontopofeachotheratthe
thickness of specimens in compliance with Test Methods
center of the test specimen.
D374.
8.4 Place the 50-g weight on the patches and preheat the
entireassembly(glass,testspecimen,cottondisks,andweight)
6. Reagents
to the desired test temperature (40 or 60 61°C) for 30 min.
6.1 Animal Oil (lard).
This is particularly necessary when short failure times are
expected, where 630 min would be critical.
6.2 Mineral Oil.
8.5 With the assembly still in the oven, remove the weights
6.3 Vegetable Oil.
and add six drops of reagent, oil, or grease, to the cotton disks.
6.4 Other reagents, such as butter, tallow, and oils. These
If necessary, melt the grease so it can be added dropwise.
may be substituted for standard reagents listed above to
Periodic addition may be required when volatile reagents are
simulate actual end-use conditions. Standard reagents are,
used under the option of 6.4.
however, recommended for purposes of interlaboratory com-
8.6 Replace the 50-g weights on the oiled patches.
parisons.
8.7 Close the oven door and note the time.
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Unit
8.8 Atperiodicintervals,dependingonthelengthoftimeto
7.1 No si
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