ASTM F119-82(2002)

Standard Test Method for Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials (Rapid Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is valuable in the development and selection of flexible barrier materials suited for use as grease barriers.
The test is rapid in comparison with other methods because of the extremely small quantity of oil required for detection (about 6 μg). The actual time to failure is a multiple of the values obtained by this test method. When permeation is through an absorbent structure such as kraft paper coated with polyethylene, the failure times will be longer and variable, depending on the variation in porosity and thickness of the structure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides standard conditions for determining the rate of grease penetration of flexible barrier materials. Pinholes, which can be measured by a separate test, will increase the rate of grease penetration as determined by this test method.
1.2  This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 24-Jun-1982
• ICS: 55.080 - Sacks. Bags
• Technical Committee: F02 - Primary Barrier Packaging
• Drafting Committee: F02.10 - Permeation

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F119-82(1998) - Standard Test Method for Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials (Rapid Method)
• Effective Date: 25-Jun-1982
• Replaced By: ASTM F119-82(2008) - Standard Test Method for Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials (Rapid Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F119–82 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Rate of Grease Penetration of Flexible Barrier Materials
(Rapid Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F119; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.2 The test is rapid in comparison with other methods
because of the extremely small quantity of oil required for
1.1 This test method provides standard conditions for deter-
detection (about 6 µg). The actual time to failure is a multiple
mining the rate of grease penetration of flexible barrier
ofthevaluesobtainedbythistestmethod.Whenpermeationis
materials. Pinholes, which can be measured by a separate test,
through an absorbent structure such as kraft paper coated with
will increase the rate of grease penetration as determined by
polyethylene, the failure times will be longer and variable,
this test method.
depending on the variation in porosity and thickness of the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety
structure.
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
5. Apparatus
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
5.1 Backing Plates, ground-glass, 50 by 50 by 3-mm (2 by
tions prior to use.
2by ⁄8-in.), very fine grind on one side only.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—The ground-glass backing plates may be prepared from 2 by
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2-in. squares of ⁄8-in. plate glass by lightly grinding the surface with a
silicon carbide abrasive as follows: Place a piece of plate glass approxi-
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
mately 1ft square on a flat surface. Mix some abrasive and water in small
lation
quantitiestomakeafairlyuniformpaste.Placeoneofthe2-in.squaresof
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
plate glass face down in the abrasive paste, and rotate it in a figure eight
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics
movement with the finger tips using the slightest amount of pressure.
Whenthepastegetstooheavy,removetheplateglasssquarefromthebed
3. Summary of Test Method
and wash it to remove all traces of abrasive.Add more water to the thick
3.1 Flexible barrier materials, uncreased or creased by a
abrasive paste on the bed. (If necessary, add small amounts of abrasive.)
Continue the process until a uniform and light over-all etch is present on
standard procedure, are exposed on one side to grease con-
the face of the square. When a uniform etch has been obtained, wash the
tained in a weighted cotton patch.The time required to show a
square thoroughly to remove all traces of abrasive and pat dry with lens
visual change caused by wetting (reduction in light scattering)
tissue.
of a ground-glass back-up plate is measured.
5.2 Weights, 50-g, 20 mm (0.75 in.) in diameter at the base.
4. Significance and Use
5.3 Patches, rifle cleaning, cotton flannel.
5.4 Medicine dropper.
4.1 This test method is valuable in the development and
5.5 Forced-Circulation Oven, designed to maintain a test
selection of flexible barrier materials suited for use as grease
temperature of 40 or 60°C within 6 1°C.
barriers.
5.6 Creasing Surface, consisting of a flat rectangular plate
(for example, a piece of machined metal plate about 10 mm
thick or a piece of plate glass) with a width at least 75 mm (3
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeF02onFlexible
in.) on all sides.
Barrier Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.10 on
5.7 Creasing Platen, consisting of a 5.5-kg (12-lb) square
Permeation.
metal bar with 65-mm (2.5-in.) sides and a flat base.
Current edition approved June 25, 1982. Published August 1982. Originally
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 1976 as F119–76.
NOTE 2—The developers of this method believe that a standard crease
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Carborundum No. 1000, manufactured by The Carborundum Co., has been
Withdrawn.
found satisfactory.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F119–82 (2002)
is easier to obtain with a flat platen than with a roller. The weight of the
than cover the glass backing plate so premature edge creep
platen was selected to conform to the weight loading per inch of crease in
failure does not occur. Test specimens should include flat,
TAPPI T465 sm-52. Creasing of Paper for Water Vapor Permeability
creased into, and creased away from the side that will come
Tests.
into contact with grease in the package.
5.8 Flat Strip of wood or metal to give the specimen a
NOTE 3—Previously used ground-glass backing plates should be thor-
preliminary light crease.
oughly cleaned by allowing them to stand overnight in a chromic acid
5.9 Thickness capable of measuring thickness of specimens
solution.
in compliance with Test Methods D374.
8.2 Cut the cotton flannel rifle cleaning patches into 20-mm
6. Reagents
(0.75-in.) diameter disks to just fit under the 50-g weight.
6.1 Animal Oil (lard).
8.3 Placetwocottonflanneldisksontopofeachotheratthe
6.2 Mineral Oil.
center of the test specimen.
6.3 Vegetable Oil.
8.4 Place the 50-g weight on the patches and preheat the
6.4 Other reagents, such as butter, tallow, and oils. These
entireassembly(glass,testspecimen,cottondisks,andweight)
may be substituted for standard reagents listed above to
to the desired test temperature (40 or 60 6 1°C) for 30 min.
simulate actual end-use conditions. Standard reagents are,
This is particularly necessary when short failure times are
however, recommended for purposes of interlaboratory com-
expected, where 6 30 min would be critical.
parisons.
8.5 With the assembly still in the oven, remove the weights
and add six drops of reagent, oil, or grease, to the cotton disks.
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Unit
If necessary, melt the grease so it can be added dropwise.
7.1 No single procedure for sampling is adequate for all
Periodic addition may be required when volatile reagents are
situations. Sampling, however, should be designed to provide
used under the option of 6.4.
the desired result in each situation.Therefore, Practice D1898
8.6 Replace the 50-g weights on the oiled patches.
is recommended as a guide in designing appropriate sampling
8.7 Close the oven door and note the time.
procedures for the purposes at hand.
8.8 Atperiodicintervals,dependingonthelengthoftimeto
7.2 Flat Specimen—Cut a minimum of three test specimens
3 3
anticipated failure (that is, every 15
...