ASTM D6023-96
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, Cement Content, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM)
Standard Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, Cement Content, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method explains determination of the mass per cubic foot (cubic meter) of freshly mixed Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and the air content of the CLSM. This test method is based on Test Method C 138 for Concrete.
Note 1- Unit Weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method. The proper term is density. It has also been termed unit mass or bulk density. To be compatible with terminology used in the concrete industry, unit weight is referenced in this test method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for information only.
1.3 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, "K-Krete," and other similar names.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6023 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Unit Weight, Yield, Cement Content, and Air Content
(Gravimetric) of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope * D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 This test method explains determination of the mass per
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
cubic foot (cubic meter) of freshly mixed Controlled Low
Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
Strength Material (CLSM) and gives formulas for calculating
as used in Engineering Design and Construction
the yield, cement content, and the air content of the CLSM.
D 4832 Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Con-
This test method is based on Test Method C 138 for Concrete.
trolled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders
NOTE 1—Unit Weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the
D 6024 Test Method for the Ball Drop on Controlled Low
property determined by this test method. The proper term is density. It has
Strength Material (CLSM) to Determine Suitability for
also been termed unit mass or bulk density. To be compatible with
Load Application
terminology used in the concrete industry, unit weight is referenced in this
PS 28 Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled
test method.
Low Strength Material (CLSM)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
PS 30 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Controlled Low
standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for informa-
Strength Material
tion only.
1.3 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density
3. Terminology
fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,
3.1 Definitions—Except as follows in 3.2, all definitions are
“K-Krete,” and other similar names.
in accordance with Terminology C 125 and D 653.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM)—a mixture
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of soil or aggregates, cementitious material, fly ash, water, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sometimes chemical admixtures, that hardens into a material
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with a higher strength than the soil, but less than 8400 kPa
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(1200 psi).
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Used as a replacement for compacted
2. Referenced Documents
backfill, CLSM can be placed as a slurry, a mortar, or a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
compacted material and typically has strengths of 350 to 700
C 29/C29M Test Method for Unit Weight and Voids in
kPa (50 to 100 psi) for most applications.
Aggregate
3.1.2 mass, n—the quantity of matter in a body. (See
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
weight.)
Aggregates
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Units of mass are the kilogram (kg),
C 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption of
the pound (lb) or units derived from these. Masses are
Fine Aggregates
compared by weighing the bodies, which amounts to compar-
C 138 Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield and Air Content
ing the forces of gravitation acting on them.
(Gravimetric) of Concrete
3.1.3 weight, n—the force exerted on a body by gravity. (see
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
mass.)
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Weight is equal to the mass of the body
Concrete by the Pressure Method
multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity. Weight may be
expressed in absolute units (newtons, poundals) or in gravita-
tional units (kgf, lbf). Since weight is equal to mass times the
1 acceleration due to gravity, the weight of a body will vary with
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil
and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization the location where the weight is determined, while the mass of
with Admixtures.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published May 1997. Originally
published as PS 29 – 95.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6023
the body remains constant. On the surface of the earth, the to the requirements of Test Method C 29/C 29M. The mini-
force of gravity imparts to a body that is free to fall an mum capacity of the measure shall conform to the require-
2 2
acceleration of approximately 9.81 m/s (32.2 ft/s ). ments of Table 1. When measuring bowls of air meters are
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: used, they shall conform to the requirements of Test Method
3.2.1 yield—the volume of CLSM produced from a mixture C 231. The top rim of the air meter bowls shall be smooth and
of known quantities of the component materials. plane within 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) (Note 4).
NOTE 3—The metal should not be readily subject to attack by cement
4. Summary of Test Method
paste. However, reactive materials such as aluminum alloys may be used
4.1 The density of the CLSM is determined by filling a
in instances where, as a consequence of an initial reaction, a surface film
measure with CLSM, determining the mass, and calculating the
is rapidly formed which protects the metal against further corrosion.
volume of the measure. The density is then calculated by
NOTE 4—The top rim is satisfactorily plane if a 0.01-in. (0.25-mm)
dividing the mass by the volume. The yield, cement content, feeler gage cannot be inserted between the rim and a piece of ⁄4 in. (6 mm)
or thicker plate glass laid over the top of the measure.
and the air content of the CLSM is calculated based on the
masses and volumes of the batch components.
6.5 Strike-Off Plate—A flat rectangular metal plate at least
1 1
⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick or a glass or acrylic plate at least ⁄2 in. (12
5. Significance and Use
mm) thick with a length and width at least 2 in. (50 mm)
5.1 This test method provides the user with a procedure to
greater than the diameter of the measure with which it is to be
calculate the density of freshly mixed CLSM for determination
used. The edges of the plate shall be straight and smooth within
of compliance with specifications, for determining mass/
a tolerance of ⁄16 in. (1.5 mm).
volume relationships or conversions such as those found in
6.6 Calibration Equipment—A piece of plate glass, prefer-
purchase agreements, and also for quality control purposes.
ably at least ⁄4 in. (6 mm) thick and at least 1 in. (25 mm)
5.2 This test method is intended to assist the user for quality
larger than the diameter of the measure to be calibrated. A thin
control purposes and when specified to determine compliance
film of vacuum, water pump or chassis grease smeared on the
for air content, yield, and cement content of freshly mixed
flange of the bowl will make a watertight joint between the
CLSM.
glass plate and the top of the bowl.
5.3 This test method is not meant to predict the air content
of hardened CLSM, which may be either higher or lower than
7. Sample
that determined by this test method.
7.1 Obtain the sample for freshly mixed CLSM in accor-
5.4 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that
dance with Practice PS 30.
can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor
7.2 The size of the sample shall be approximately 125 to
compliance with specification requirements. The other tests
200 % of the quantity required to fill the measure.
that can be used during construction control are Test Method
D 4832, Provision Test Methods PS 28 and PS 31.
8. Calibration of Measure
NOTE 2—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias con- 8.1 Calibrate the measure and determine the calibration
tained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent
factor (1/volume), following the procedure outlined in Test
on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the
Method C 29/C 29M.
equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice
D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective NOTE 5—For the calculation of unit weight, the volume of the measure
testing. Users of this method are cautioned that compliance with Practice in acceptable metric units should be expressed in cubic metres, or the
D 3740 does not in itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends factor as 1/m . However, for convenience the size of the measure may be
on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means o
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