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ASTM D5661-95

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method

Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the relative solvency of petroleum oils used in ink formulations by a pentaerythritol ester of resin acids (PKP) titration.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum oils that have an initial boiling point over 90oC and a dry point under 500oC as determined by Method D86.
1.3 This test method, along with viscosity measurements as determined by Test Method D445, is used to ensure the compositional consistency of petroleum oils. It can also differentiate between hydrotreated and non-hydrotreated oils that have the same viscosity.  
1.4 This test method includes the use of a U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-designated flammable chemical, pentane. Consult the suppliers' material safety data sheet for specific hazard information and guidance relative to use.  
1.5  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 1.3.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.37 - Ink Vehicles
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5661-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method (Withdrawn 2010)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D5661-95 - Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP MethodASTM D5661-95 - Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method
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ASTM D5661-95 - Standard Test Method for Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5661 – 95
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Relative Solvency of Petroleum Oils by the PKP Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5661; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
relative solvency of petroleum oils used in ink formulations by
3. Terminology
a pentaerythritol ester of resin acids (PKP) titration.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum oils that
3.1.1 PKP value of a solvent—the volume in millilitres, at
have an initial boiling point over 90°C and a dry point under
25 6 2°C, of pentane required to produce a defined degree of
500°C as determined by Method D 86.
turbidity of a mixture containing 10 g of the test oil and5gof
1.3 This test method, along with viscosity measurements as
a standard solution of a pentaerythritol ester of resin acids in
determined by Test Method D 445, is used to ensure the
toluene.
compositional consistency of petroleum oils. It can also differ-
entiate between hydrotreated and non-hydrotreated oils that
4. Summary of Test Method
have the same viscosity.
4.1 A 40 % solution by weight of PKP in toluene is
1.4 This test method includes the use of a U.S. Occupational
standardized in two steps by mixing with toluene and titrating
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)—designated flam-
with pentane, and also by mixing with a toluene-heptane
mable chemical, pentane. Consult the suppliers’ material safety
solution and titrating with pentane until a turbidity end point is
data sheet for specific hazard information and guidance relative
reached.
to use.
4.2 The standardized PKP solution is mixed with the test oil
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and titrated with pentane. The test result is expressed as
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
millilitres of pentane.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
5.1 PKP values indicate high aromatic or high naphthenic
statements are given in 1.3.
content, or both, which contributes to high relative solvency of
the oil.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Apparatus
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
6.1 Magnetic Stirrer, with stir bar.
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
6.2 Erlenmeyer Flask, 1000-mL capacity.
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
6.3 Glass Beaker, 250-mL capacity.
Viscosity)
6.4 Burette, 50-mL capacity.
D 611 Test Method for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
6.5 Print Specimen, such as a 152 by 152 mm sheet of
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
newspaper with 10-point type.
D 841 Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene
6.6 Analytical Balance, 100-g capacity, with reproducibility
of 0.01 g.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
6.7 Sieve Screen, 10 mesh.
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
7. Reagents
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995.
PentalyntK (PKP) is a pentaerythritol ester of dimeric resin acids and is 7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
available from Hercules Incorporated, Resins Group, Hercules Plaza, Wilmington,
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
DE 19894.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
D 5661
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on 0.01 g n-heptane. Titrate with pentane as just described. Record
Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where the millilitres of pentane required. This pentane volume is
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, value B in the equation.
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
9. Procedure
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of
9.1 Weigh out 5.00 6 0.01 g of PKP solution and 10.00 6
the determination.
0.01 g of the ink oil or solvent into a 250-mL glass beaker.
7.2 PKP Solution (40 %)—Weigh
...

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This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
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4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.  
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FIG. 2 Solid Forgings
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1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings of brushing or spraying consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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    English language
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