ASTM C1572-04
(Guide)Standard Guide for Dry Lead Glass and Oil-Filled Lead Glass Radiation Shielding Window Components for Remotely Operated Facilities
Standard Guide for Dry Lead Glass and Oil-Filled Lead Glass Radiation Shielding Window Components for Remotely Operated Facilities
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Radiation Shielding Window Components:
4.1.1 Radiation shielding window components operability and long-term integrity are concerns that originate during the design, and fabrication sequences. Such concerns can only be addressed, or are most efficiently addressed during one or the other of these stages. The operability and integrity can be compromised during handling and installation sequences. For this reason, the subject equipment should be handled and installed under closely controlled and supervised conditions.
4.1.2 This standard is intended as a supplement to other standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of radiation shielding window components.
SCOPE
1.1 Intent
1.1.1 This intent of this standard is to provide guidance for the design, fabrication, quality assurance, inspection, testing, packaging, shipping, installation and maintenance of radiation shielding window components. These window components include wall liner embedments, dry lead glass radiation shielding window assemblies, oil-filled lead glass radiation shielding window assemblies, shielding wall plugs, barrier shields, view ports, and the installation/extraction table/device required for the installation and removal of the window components.
1.2 Applicability
1.2.1 This standard is intended for those persons who are tasked with the planning, design, procurement, fabrication, installation, and operation of the radiation shielding window components that may be used in the operation of hot cells, high level caves, mini-cells, canyon facilities, and very high level radiation areas.
1.2.2 This standard applies to radiation shielding window assemblies used in normal concrete walls, high-density concrete walls, steel walls and lead walls.
1.2.3 The system of units employed in this standard is the metric unit, also known as SI Units, which are commonly used for International Systems, and defined, by ASTM/IEEE SI-10 Standard for Use of International System of Units. Common nomenclature for specifying some terms; specifically shielding, uses a combination of metric units and inch-pound units.
1.2.4 This standard identifies the special information required by the Manufacturer for the design of window components. A1.1 shows a sample list of the radiation source spectra and geometry information, typically required for shielding analysis. A2.1 shows a detailed sample list of specific data typically required to determine the physical size, glass types, and viewing characteristics of the shielding window, or view port. A3 shows general window configuration sketches. Blank copies of A1.2 and A2.2 are found in the respective Annexes for the Owner-Operator's use.
1.2.5 This standard is intended to be generic and to apply to a wide range of configurations and types of lead glass radiation shielding window components used in hot cells. It does not address glovebox, water, x-ray glass or zinc bromide windows.
1.3 Caveats
1.3.1 Consideration shall be given when preparing the shielding window designs for the safety related issues discussed in the Hazards Sources and Failure Modes, Section ; such as dielectric discharge, over-pressurization, radiation exposure, contamination, and overturning of the extraction table/device.
1.3.2 In many cases, the use of the word "shall" has been purposely used in lieu of "should" to stress the importance of the statements that have been made in this standard.
1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1572 – 04
Standard Guide for
Dry Lead Glass and Oil-Filled Lead Glass Radiation
Shielding Window Components for Remotely Operated
Facilities
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1572; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope copies of A1.2 and A2.2 are found in the respective Annexes
for the Owner–Operator’s use.
1.1 Intent:
1.2.5 Thisstandardisintendedtobegenericandtoapplyto
1.1.1 This intent of this standard is to provide guidance for
awiderangeofconfigurationsandtypesofleadglassradiation
the design, fabrication, quality assurance, inspection, testing,
shielding window components used in hot cells. It does not
packaging, shipping, installation and maintenance of radiation
addressglovebox,water,x-rayglassorzincbromidewindows.
shielding window components. These window components
1.3 Caveats:
include wall liner embedments, dry lead glass radiation shield-
1.3.1 Consideration shall be given when preparing the
ingwindowassemblies,oil-filledleadglassradiationshielding
shielding window designs for the safety related issues dis-
window assemblies, shielding wall plugs, barrier shields, view
cussed in the Hazards Sources and Failure Modes, Section 11;
ports, and the installation/extraction table/device required for
such as dielectric discharge, over-pressurization, radiation
the installation and removal of the window components.
exposure, contamination, and overturning of the extraction
1.2 Applicability:
table/device.
1.2.1 This standard is intended for those persons who are
1.3.2 In many cases, the use of the word “shall” has been
tasked with the planning, design, procurement, fabrication,
purposely used in lieu of “should” to stress the importance of
installation, and operation of the radiation shielding window
the statements that have been made in this standard.
componentsthatmaybeusedintheoperationofhotcells,high
1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
level caves, mini-cells, canyon facilities, and very high level
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
radiation areas.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2.2 This standard applies to radiation shielding window
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
assemblies used in normal concrete walls, high-density con-
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
crete walls, steel walls and lead walls.
1.2.3 The system of units employed in this standard is the
2. Referenced Documents
metricunit,alsoknownasSIUnits,whicharecommonlyused
2.1 Industry and National Consensus Standards—
for International Systems, and defined, by ASTM/IEEE SI-
Nationally recognized industry and consensus standards which
10ASTM/IEEESI-10StandardforUseofInternationalSystem
maybeapplicableinwholeorinparttothedesign,fabrication,
of Units. Common nomenclature for specifying some terms;
quality assurance, inspection, testing, packaging, shipping,
specifically shielding, uses a combination of metric units and
installation and maintenance of radiation shielding window
inch-pound units.
components are referenced throughout this standard and in-
1.2.4 This standard identifies the special information re-
clude the following:
quired by the Manufacturer for the design of window compo-
2.2 ASTM Standards:
nents.A1.1 shows a sample list of the radiation source spectra
D1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by
and geometry information, typically required for shielding
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
analysis. A2.1 shows a detailed sample list of specific data
E165 PracticeforLiquidPenetrantExaminationforGeneral
typically required to determine the physical size, glass types,
Industry
and viewing characteristics of the shielding window, or view
E170 TerminologyRelatingtoRadiationMeasurementsand
port.A3 shows general window configuration sketches. Blank
Dosimetry
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published January 2004. DOI: 10.1520/
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C1572-04.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1572 – 04
ASTM/IEEESI-10 Standard for Use of the International equivalent to 100 rads. NCRP-82
System of Units 3.1.2 activity—the measure of the rate of spontaneous
2.3 American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standards:
nuclear transformations of a radioactive material. The SI unit
C-31 Seismic Requirements for activity is the becquerel, defined as 1 transformation per
2.4 American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Stan-
second.Theoriginalunitforactivitywasthecurie(Ci),defined
4 10
dards: as 3.7 3 10 transformations per second. NCRP-82
Y14 Engineering Drawing and Related Documentation
3.1.3 air dryer cartridge—a cloth bag containing moisture
Practices
absorbent crystals.The bag is inserted into the dryer assembly.
ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Requirements for
The crystals are used to absorb moisture from the contained
Nuclear Facility Applications
environment.
ANSI/AWS A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing
3.1.4 alpha—see radiation.
and Nondestructive Examination
3.1.5 anti-reflection treatment—a process applied to the
ANSI/AWS B2.1 Specification for Welding Procedure and
surface of the glass that reduces reflection, and increases the
Performance Qualification
light transmission through the glass. It is often called a
ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M Structural Welding Code—Steel
low-reflection treatment.
ANSI/AWS D1.6 StructuralWelding Code—Stainless Steel
3.1.6 as-built drawings—asetofdrawingsthatreflectallof
ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9001 Quality Management Standard Re-
thechangesthatwereincorporatedintothecomponentsduring
quirements
the manufacturing process since the original design.
2.5 American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT)
3.1.7 barrier shield assembly—consists of steel frames,
Standards:
gaskets and a glass plate; typically cerium-stabilized, as-
ASNT-SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Qualifica-
sembled together to form a see through barrier. The assembly
tion and Certification of Nondestructive Testing
is mechanically fastened to the hot side of the wall liner to
2.6 Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC):
provide a gas tight containment barrier, which protects the
SSPC-SP1 Solvent Cleaning
window assembly from any radioactive contamination within
SSPC-SP6 Commercial Blast Cleaning
the hot cell (alpha particles and other contaminates).
SSPC-P1 Paint Application Specification
3.1.8 barrier shield glass—a glass plate; typically cerium
2.7 Federal Standards (FS):
stabilizedthatisusedasacoverglasstoseethroughandisolate
QQ-C-40 Caulking, Lead Wool, and Lead Pig
the window assembly from contamination. It is normally
2.8 Federal Regulations (FR):
mounted in a barrier shield frame with gaskets to make up a
10 CFR830.120 Subpart A, Nuclear Safety Management,
barrier shield assembly.
Quality Assurance Requirements
3.1.9 becquerel (Bq)—see activity.
2.9 International Building Code (IBC):
3.1.10 bellows—a flexible enclosure generally made of a
IBC Section 2314 Earthquake Regulations
pliable gasket material, which expands and contracts with the
2.10 Other Standards:
temperature change of the inert gas and other components,
AESS (R) 44/70000/6 Atomic Energy Standard Specifica-
maintainingacontrolledatmospherewithinthewindowassem-
tion for Shielding Glass
bly.When employed, the bellows is generally connected to the
NCRP Report No. 82 SI Units in Radiation Protection and
top of the expansion tank on an oil-filled window, and directly
Measurements
above the air dryer on the window housing of a dry window.
ICRU Report 10b Physical Aspects of Irradiation
The material of selection must be compatible with the envi-
ronment, and with the window components.
3. Terminology
3.1.11 beta—see radiation.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.12 browning—the discoloration and darkening of glass
3.1.1 absorbed dose—the quotient of the mean energy (E)
to a brownish color due to excessive radiation exposure.
imparted by ionizing radiation to matter of mass (M). The SI
3.1.13 bubbler system—deviceusedasapressurerelief,and
unit for absorbed dose is the gray, defined as 1 joule/kg and is
constructed of an outer open top container or chamber that is
filled with a liquid. It has a separate pressurized tube inserted
into the liquid. When over-pressurization occurs in the tube,
American Concrete Institute (ACI) Standards, 38800 Country Club Drive,
Farmington Hills, MI 48331. thegasbubblesoutthebottomofthetubeanduptothesurface
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standards, 1819 L St. NW
through the liquid.
Washington D.C., 20036.
5 3.1.14 buffer seal—a specially configured seal gasket used
American Society of Nondestructive Testing (ASNT) Standards, PO Box
on a barrier shield.
28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.
Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC), 40 24th Street 6th Floor, Pittsburgh,
3.1.15 build-up factor—term used for radiation passing
PA 15222.
through a medium, which is the ratio of the total value of a
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Docu-
specificradiationquantity(suchasabsorbeddose)atanypoint
ments, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington DC 20402-9328.
HMSO, St. Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich, NR3 1BQ. UK.
in that medium to the contribution to that quantity from the
Available from National Council of Radiation Protection and Measurements,
incident uncollided radiation reaching that point. E170
7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095.
3.1.16 central viewing area—the central viewing area of a
Available from International Commission on Radiation Units and Measure-
ments, Inc., 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095. glass slab or glass plate is that viewing area, circular or
C1572 – 04
elliptical, of which the diameter of axis is 80 percent of the 3.1.32 exposure—the quotient of the total charge of ions of
maximum usable viewing window dimensions. one sign produced in air when all electrons are liberated by
photons in a volume element of air mass sufficient to com-
3.1.17 cerium-stabilized glass—often called non-browning
glass is a glass type that contains a small percentage of cerium pletely stop the electrons (charged particle equilibrium). Ra-
diation exposure is a measure of the amount of ionization
oxide to help stabilize the glass from discoloration due to
radiation exposure. produced by x-ray or gamma rays as they travel through air.
Thespecialunitofexposureistheroentgen(R).Itisequivalent
3.1.18 certified material test report (CMTR)—a document
to 2.58 3 10 coulombs per kilograms of air. NCRP-82
that certifies the results of tests and analyses performed on the
item provided. 3.1.33 extraction/installation table/device—a heavy duty
table or device capable of supporting one and one-half times
3.1.19 checks—very small fractures, or breakouts normally
the shielding window’s weight that is used for extracting a
around the edge of a glass plate, or glass slab.
shielding window, shielding plug, or view port from an
3.1.20 chip—a fragment broken from an edge or surface.
embedment wall liner, or installing the shielding window,
3.1.21 clear view—the physical size (length 3 width), of
shielding plug, or view port into the wall liner.
the smallest glass slab of all the glass components in a
3.1.34 extreme view angle—the maximum angle that an
shielding window assembly. (The actual clear view may be
operator can see into the hot cell when looking through the
reducedbythemethodofretentionoftheglassinthewindow.)
shielding window from the extreme perimeter edge of the cold
3.1.22 cold side—the surface on a radiation shielding win-
side trim frame.
dow that is farthest from the radioactive source, and usually is
3.1.35 gamma—see radiation.
not subject to contamination.
3.1.36 gas purge line—a stainless steel tube supplying a
3.1.23 cold side load—acoldsideloadwindowassemblyis
pressurized gas to the window assembly.
an assembly that is inserted into a wall liner or removed from
3.1.37 gas-tight seal—a seal that meets the requirements of
a wall liner from the operator (cold side) of the hot cell.
a leak rate test.
3.1.24 cover glass (hot or cold side)—a glass plate posi-
3.1.38 gas vent line—a stainless steel tube connected to the
tioned on the hot or cold side of the window. The cover glass
window assembly for the purpose of venting gas.
is often held in place with a trim frame assembly, and seal
3.1.39 glass plate—typically used as cover glasses or bar-
gaskets.Thisassemblyachievesaseal,whichisolatestheinner
rier shields. The maximum thickness is typically 40 mm (1.5
glassslabsfromtheexternalatmosphere,andmayalsoholdor
in.) thick.
contain the mineral oil within the window assembly.
3.1.40 glass slabs—typically used for internal shielding in
3.1.25 curie—see activity.
windows and view ports. The typical thickness ranges from a
3.1.26 density inch—a term used to describe the specific
minimum of 40 mm (1.5 in.) up to a maximum of 400 mm (16
gravity of a shielding material multiplied by the thickness of
in.) thick.
that material in inches. The units are (g/cc) 3 inch.
3.1.41 glass surface defects—refer to those defects that are
3.1.27 desiccant air dryer—a device filled with crystals,
on the glass surface, and can be removed by reprocessing or
and is used to remove moisture from a contained environment.
repolishingtheglasssurface.Thesedefectsarescratches,short
3.1.28 dielectric discharge—an instantaneous flow of elec-
finish, and stripping.
tricalcurrentfromanirradiatedglasscomponenttotheground,
3.1.42 gray (Gy)—see absorbed dose.
causing severe damage to the glass, usually in the form of a
3.1.43 high density concrete—aconcretehavingaweightof
dendritic fracture (Lichtenberg Figure) or heavy cleavage.
greater than 2400 kg per cubic meter (150 lb per cubic foot).
3.1.29 dose equivalent—represents a quantity used for ra-
3.1.44 hot cell—an isolated shielded room that provides a
diation protection purposes that expresses on a common scale,
controlledenvironmentforcontainingradioactivematerialand
the dose from all types of radiation. Dose equivale
...
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