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ASTM D6354-98

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production

Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production

SCOPE
1.1 This sampling guide was developed for carbon cathode blocks used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking test samples from single cathode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from cathode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled cathode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of cathodes are covered in this guide.
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Cathode blocks used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements of sampling, and while the staistical basis or sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may, also, apply.
1.2 SI units are the standard in this guide.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 1-The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods C559, C611, C651, C747, C1025, C1039, and E1225.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1998
ICS
77.020 - Production of metals
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.05 - Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6354-98(2003) - Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6558-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of TGA CO<inf>2</inf> Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6559-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermogravimetric (TGA) Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks
Effective Date
10-Dec-1998

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ASTM D6354-98 - Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum ProductionASTM D6354-98 - Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production
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ASTM D6354-98 - Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6354 – 98
Standard Guide for
Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode
Blocks Used in Aluminum Production
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This sampling guide was developed for carbon cathode
blocks used in the production of aluminum, and details
procedures for taking test samples from single cathode blocks.
It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from
cathode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or
prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the
user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled cathode
blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units
of cathodes are covered in this guide.
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory prod-
ucts, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the
statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a
consignment or lot. Cathode blocks used in the production of
aluminum have specific requirements of sampling, and while
the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies,
further or modified requirements may, also, apply.
1.2 SI units are the standard in this guide.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful
information: Test Methods C 559, C 611, C 651, C 747, C 1025, C 1039,
and E 1225.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
FIG. 1 Typical Core Drill Bit
C 559 Test Methods for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-
ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles
tal Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
C 611 Test Method for Electrical Resistivity of Manufac-
Resonance
tured Carbon and Graphite Articles at Room Temperature
C 1025 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture in Bending of
C 651 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Manufactured
Electrode Graphite
Carbon and Graphite Articles Using Four-Point Loading at
C 1039 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Apparent Spe-
Room Temperature
cific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Graphite Electrodes
C 747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamen-
C 1225 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Solids by
Means of the Guarded-Comparative-Longitudinal Heat
1 Flow Technique
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05.0E
on Carbon.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998. Published March 1999.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D6354–98
FIG. 2 Sampling from Single Units Produced Without Slot
FIG. 3 Sampling from Single Units Produced with Slot
2.2 ISO Standards: 4. Significance and Use
ISO 8007-1 Carbonaceous materials used in the production
4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test
of aluminum - Cathodic blocks - Sampling plan and
specimen without destroying the usefulness of a cathode block.
sampling from single cathodic blocks
4.1.1 Test specimens obtained by this guide can be used by
ISO 5022 Shaped refractory products - Sampling and accep-
producers and users of cathode blocks for the purpose of
tance testing
conducting the tests in Note 1 to obtain comparative physical
3. Terminology
properties.
4.2 Sampling shall not weaken the cathode or increase the
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 block—a carbon cathode, a single unit. likelihood of premature failure. Extreme care shall be exer-
cised when taking vertically drilled samples.
3.1.2 sample—the portion of carbon obtained from a cath-
ode.
3.1.3 test specimen—an article prepared from a sample. 5. Apparatus
5.1 Core Drill Bit, similar t
...

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ASTM D6354-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test specimen without destroying the usefulness of a cathode block.  
4.1.1 Test specimens obtained by this guide can be used by producers and users of cathode blocks for the purpose of conducting the tests in Note 1 to obtain comparative physical properties.  
4.2 Sampling shall not weaken the cathode block or increase the likelihood of premature failure. Extreme care shall be exercised when taking vertically drilled samples.
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1.1 This guide covers sampling of carbon cathode blocks used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking samples from single cathode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from cathode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the cathode block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled cathode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of cathode blocks are covered in this guide.  
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Cathode blocks used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements of sampling, and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods C559, C611, C651, C747, C1025, C1039, and C1225.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test specimen without destroying the usefulness of an anode block.  
4.1.1 Test specimen obtained by this guide can be used by producers and users of carbon anodes for the purpose of conducting the tests in Note 1 to obtain comparative physical properties.  
4.2 Sampling shall not weaken the anode or increase the likelihood of premature failure.
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1.1 This guide covers sampling for prebaked carbon anodes used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking test samples from anode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from anode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled anode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of anodes are covered in this guide.  
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Anodes used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements for sampling and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.  
1.1.2 Information for sampling of anodes for Al-metal production is given in ISO 8007-2. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods D5502, D6120, D6744, and D6745.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermogravimetric (TGA) Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The air reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency of a carbon artifact to react with air. Carbon consumed by this unwanted side reaction is unavailable for the primary reactions of reducing alumina to the primary metal. Air reactivity dusting rate is used by some companies to quantify the tendency of the coke aggregate or binder coke of a carbon artifact to selectively react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly, reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.  
5.2 Comparison of air reactivity and dusting rates is useful in selecting raw materials for the manufacture of commercial anodes for specific smelting technologies in the aluminum reduction industry.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 The CO2 reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency of a carbon artifact to react with carbon dioxide. Carbon consumed by these unwanted side reactions is unavailable for the primary reactions of reducing alumina to the primary metal. CO2  dusting rates are used to quantify the tendency of the coke aggregate or binder coke of a carbon artifact to selectively react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly, reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.  
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Standard Guide for Directed Energy Deposition of Metals

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5.1 This guide applies to directed energy deposition (DED) systems and processes, including electron beam, laser beam, and arc plasma based systems, as well as applicable material systems.  
5.2 Directed energy deposition (DED) systems have the following general collection of characteristics: ability to process large build volumes (>1000 mm3), ability to process at relatively high deposition rates, use of articulated energy sources, efficient energy utilization (electron beam and arc plasma), strong energy coupling to feedstock (electron beam and arc plasma), feedstock delivered directly to the melt pool, ability to deposit directly onto existing components, and potential to change chemical composition within a build to produce functionally graded materials. Feedstock for DED is delivered to the melt pool in coordination with the energy source, and the deposition head (typically) indexes up from the build surface with each successive layer.  
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Standard Guide for Sampling Plan and Core Sampling of Carbon Cathode Blocks Used in Aluminum Production

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test specimen without destroying the usefulness of a cathode block.  
4.1.1 Test specimens obtained by this guide can be used by producers and users of cathode blocks for the purpose of conducting the tests in Note 1 to obtain comparative physical properties.  
4.2 Sampling shall not weaken the cathode block or increase the likelihood of premature failure. Extreme care shall be exercised when taking vertically drilled samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers sampling of carbon cathode blocks used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking samples from single cathode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from cathode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the cathode block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled cathode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of cathode blocks are covered in this guide.  
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Cathode blocks used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements of sampling, and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods C559, C611, C651, C747, C1025, C1039, and C1225.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Core sampling is an acceptable way of obtaining a test specimen without destroying the usefulness of an anode block.  
4.1.1 Test specimen obtained by this guide can be used by producers and users of carbon anodes for the purpose of conducting the tests in Note 1 to obtain comparative physical properties.  
4.2 Sampling shall not weaken the anode or increase the likelihood of premature failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers sampling for prebaked carbon anodes used in the production of aluminum, and details procedures for taking test samples from anode blocks. It covers equipment and procedures for obtaining samples from anode blocks in a manner that does not destroy the block or prevent its subsequent use as originally intended. However, the user must determine the subsequent use of the sampled anode blocks. Preferred locations for taking samples from single units of anodes are covered in this guide.  
1.1.1 Information for sampling of shaped refractory products, in general, is given in ISO 5022. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot. Anodes used in the production of aluminum have specific requirements for sampling and while the statistical basis for sampling given in ISO 5022 applies, further or modified requirements may also apply.  
1.1.2 Information for sampling of anodes for Al-metal production is given in ISO 8007-2. This standard details the statistical basis for sampling plans for acceptance testing of a consignment or lot.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards are noted as sources of useful information: Test Methods D5502, D6120, D6744, and D6745.  
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4.1 A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from melting to their final application. This involves the use of standard quality assurance practices and procedures throughout the various stages of manufacturing and processing, at warehouses and materials receiving, and during fabrication and final installation of the product. These practices typically involve standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product acceptance standards, which are slow. Several pieces from a production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable through mechanical and chemical testing, and the results are used to assess the entire lot using statistical methods. Statistical quality assurance methods are usually effective; however, mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical properties remain the primary causes for claims in the metals industry. A more comprehensive verification of product properties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques, and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selected production stages, in order to assist in maintaining the identities of metals and their consistency in mechanical properties.  
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4.3 The nondestructive methods covered in this guide provide both direct and indirect responses to the sample being evaluated. Spectrometric analysis instruments respond to the presence and percents of alloying constituents. The electromagnetic (eddy current) and thermoelectric methods, on the other hand, are among those that respond to pr...
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 10.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Thermogravimetric (TGA) Air Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The air reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency of a carbon artifact to react with air. Carbon consumed by this unwanted side reaction is unavailable for the primary reactions of reducing alumina to the primary metal. Air reactivity dusting rate is used by some companies to quantify the tendency of the coke aggregate or binder coke of a carbon artifact to selectively react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly, reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of TGA CO2 Reactivity of Baked Carbon Anodes and Cathode Blocks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The CO2 reactivity rates are used to quantify the tendency of a carbon artifact to react with carbon dioxide. Carbon consumed by these unwanted side reactions is unavailable for the primary reactions of reducing alumina to the primary metal. CO2  dusting rates are used to quantify the tendency of the coke aggregate or binder coke of a carbon artifact to selectively react with these gases. Preferential attack of the binder coke or coke aggregate of a carbon artifact by these gases causes some carbon to fall off or dust, making the carbon unavailable for the primary reaction of reducing alumina and, more importantly, reducing the efficiency of the aluminum reduction cell.  
5.2 Comparison of CO2 reactivity and dusting rates is useful in selecting raw materials for the manufacture of commercial anodes for specific smelting technologies in the aluminum reduction industry.  
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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