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ASTM D7774-17

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics

Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These fatigue tests are used to determine the effect of processing, surface condition, stress, and so forth, on the fatigue resistance of plastic material subjected to flexural stress for relatively large numbers of cycles. The results can also be used as a guide for the selection of plastic materials for service under conditions of repeated flexural stress.  
5.2 Properties can vary with specimen depth and test frequency. Test frequency can be 1-25 Hz but it is recommended that a frequency of 5 Hz or less be used.  
5.3 Material response in fatigue is not identical for all plastics. If a plastic does not exhibit an elastic region, where strain is reversible, plastic deformation will occur during fatigue testing, causing the amplitude of the programmed load or deformation to change during testing. In this situation, caution shall be taken when using the results for design as they are generally not indicative of the true fatigue properties of the material.  
5.4 The results of these fatigue tests are suitable for application in design only when the specimen test conditions realistically simulate service conditions or some methodology of accounting for service conditions is available and clearly defined.  
5.5 This procedure accommodates various specimen preparation techniques. Comparison of results obtained from specimens prepared in different manners shall not be considered comparable unless equivalency has been demonstrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dynamic full reversed fatigue properties of plastics in flexure. This method is applicable to rigid and semi-rigid plastics. Stress and strain levels are below the proportional limit of the material where the strains and stresses are relatively elastic. Three-point or four-point bending systems are used to determine these properties.  
1.2 This test method can be used with two procedures:  
1.2.1 Procedure A, designed for materials that use three-point loading systems to determine flexural strength. Three-point loading system is used for this procedure.  
1.2.2 Procedure B, designed for materials that use four-point loading systems to determine flexural strength. Four-point loading system is used for this procedure.  
1.3 Comparative tests can be run in accordance with either procedure, provided that the procedure is found satisfactory for the material being tested.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This standard and ISO 13003 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content and results cannot be directly compared between the two test methods.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2017
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.10 - Mechanical Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7774 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7774; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dynamic
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
full reversed fatigue properties of plastics in flexure. This
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
methodisapplicabletorigidandsemi-rigidplastics.Stressand
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
strain levels are below the proportional limit of the material
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
where the strains and stresses are relatively elastic.Three-point
als
or four-point bending systems are used to determine these
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
properties.
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
1.2 This test method can be used with two procedures:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.2.1 Procedure A, designed for materials that use three-
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
point loading systems to determine flexural strength. Three- Gradient Technique
point loading system is used for this procedure.
D2839 Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Deter-
mining Density of Polyethylene
1.2.2 Procedure B, designed for materials that use four-
D3479/D3479M Test Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue
point loading systems to determine flexural strength. Four-
of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
point loading system is used for this procedure.
D4883 Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the
3
1.3 Comparative tests can be run in accordance with either
Ultrasound Technique (Withdrawn 2017)
procedure,providedthattheprocedureisfoundsatisfactoryfor
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
the material being tested.
Plastics Specimens
D6272 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
standard. The values provided in parentheses are for informa-
als by Four-Point Bending
tion only.
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
someter Systems
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E1942 Guide for Evaluating DataAcquisition Systems Used
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2 ISO Standard:
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 13003 address the same subject matter, ISO 13003 Fibre-Reinforced Plastics—Determination of
4
but differ in technical content and results cannot be directly compared
Fatigue Properties Under Cyclic Loading Conditions
between the two test methods.
3. Terminology
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions applying to this test method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
appear in Terminology D883.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. www.astm.org.
4
Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Last previous Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
edition approved in 2012 as D7774 - 12. DOI:10.1520/D7774-17. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7774 − 17
3.2 meanstrain—thealgebraicaverageofthemaximumand 5.4 The results of these fatigue tests are suitabl
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7774 − 12 D7774 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7774; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
Note—Balloted equations and text were included editorially and the year date changed on July 5, 2012.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dynamic full reversed fatigue properties of plastics in flexure. This method is
applicable to rigid and semi-rigid plastics. Stress and strain levels are below the proportional limit of the material where the strains
and stresses are relatively elastic. Three-point or four-point bending systems are used to determine these properties.
1.2 This test method can be used with two procedures:
1.2.1 Procedure A, designed for materials that use three-point loading systems to determine flexural strength. Three-point
loading system is used for this procedure.
1.2.2 Procedure B, designed for materials that use four-point loading systems to determine flexural strength. Four-point loading
system is used for this procedure.
1.3 Comparative tests can be run in accordance with either procedure, provided that the procedure is found satisfactory for the
material being tested.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 13003 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content and results cannot be directly compared between
the two test methods.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D2839 Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Determining Density of Polyethylene
D3479/D3479M Test Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
3
D4883 Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique (Withdrawn 2017)
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D6272 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by
Four-Point Bending
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10.24 on EngineeringFracture and
Design PropertiesFatigue.
Current edition approved July 5, 2012May 1, 2017. Published July 2012May 2017. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as D7774 - 11.D7774 - 12.
DOI:10.1520/D7774-12. DOI:10.1520/D7774-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7774 − 17
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E1942 Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition Systems Used in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechani
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The tensile data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastic materials using nonresonant forced-vibration techniques, in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 4.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Pri...

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ASTM
ASTM D2863-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied.  
5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.  
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.  
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).    
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.  
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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